国人筛窦的胚胎发生  

EMBRYOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ETHMOID SINUS IN CHINESE

作　　者：郑鸣[1] 邱治民[1] 邹宁生[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建医学院解剖学教研室,福州350004

出　　处：《解剖学报》1992年第4期437-443,共7页Acta Anatomica Sinica

摘　　要：采用组织学方法,对106例胎儿(胎龄12～40周)的筛骨标本作连续切片观测。结果表明,筛窦在胚胎第21～23周开始发生,即在中、上鼻道的外侧壁和顶部,由鼻粘膜下陷形成额襞和额沟。24～26周形成筛小房,并有微小窦口与上鼻道和中鼻道相通。筛小房的数目及大小,随胎龄增长而递增,且内腔呈均衡扩大。至出生时,每侧筛骨迷路内含6～11个筛小房,平均大小为1.7mm×1.3mm×2.0mm。同时,筛小房的扩展范围已接近成人。筛窦粘膜的上皮细胞呈立方形或矮柱状,表面纤毛稀疏,固有膜主要为结缔组织及基质结构,厚而疏松,内分布有极少量血管和腺体。以上结果提示,人类筛窦是所有副鼻窦中发生最早的一个,出生时,筛窦已出现。各组筛窦在发生时间上不同步,但其位置则相对恒定。筛窦粘膜与鼻牯膜之间的组织结构有所不同。新生儿的筛窦粘膜的发育还不完善。106 ethmoidal specimens ranging from 12 to 40 weeks of embryonic age were cut into serial sections and observed by histological method. The results showed that the ethmoid sinus began its development at about 21-23 weeks of fetal life. The frontal folds or furrows were formed by extensions or evaginations of the nasal mucous membrane from the superior and lateral wall of the middle and superior nasal meatuses. The ethmoid cells appeared at 24-26 weeks and they kept their own small ostia that opened into the middle and superior nasal meatuses. The number and size of the ethmoid cells were increased with the age. The cell cavities showed balanced enlargement. At birth each ethmoid labyrinth had 6-11 cells, measuring on the average 1.7×1.3×2.0 mm^3 in size. The distribution of the ethmoid cells approached those of mature age. The epithelium of the ethmoid sinus was cuboidal or low columnar in shape. Cilia appeared sparse. Tunica propria, mainly composed of the connective tissue and its stroma, was thick, loose, and less vascular and glandular. It suggested that the ethmoid sinus was one of the accessory nasal sinuse that developed first. The ethmoid sinus presented at birth and its appreance were not synchronous, but their location were relatively invariable. The histological structure of the mucous membrane in the ethmoid sinus was somewhat different from those of the nasal mucous membrane. It showed that the development of the ethmoid mucous membrane was still imperfect in the newborn.

关 键 词：筛小房 筛窦 发生 胎儿 

分 类 号：R329.4[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]