施肥对草地早熟禾草坪质量、剪草量及蒸散量的影响  

Effects of Fertilization on Turf Quality,Clipping Yield and Evapotranspiration Rate of Kentucky Bluegrass

作　　者：刘玉杰[1] 韩建国[1] 杨艳[1] 陈会敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草地研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《中国草地》2003年第4期50-55,共6页Grassland of China

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金重点资助项目(6001001)

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验,研究施肥对草坪颜色、剪草量、蒸散量及土壤中速效氮的影响。结果表明:施N肥能够明显改善草坪的颜色,增加草坪的剪草量,提高草坪的蒸散量;苗期施P肥将导致草坪剪草量明显增加;当土壤中速效N和速效P供应充足时,施K肥导致草坪颜色和剪草量明显降低。单施N肥能够加快土壤中铵态氮的硝化过程,氮磷钾平衡施肥则能够延缓土壤中铵态氮的硝化过程,降低土壤中硝态氮的含量,从而降低土壤中硝态氮淋失的风险。草坪的蒸散量与剪草量之间存在着显著的线性正相关(r=0.9965);控释肥料和常规肥料之间养分释放模式存在很大差异,使得施肥初期常规肥料处理草坪颜色、剪草量及蒸散量均高于控释肥料处理,施肥末期情况则相反。Turf color,clipping yields,evapotranspiration rates and readily available nitrogen concentrations in the soil as affected by fertilization were studied in the potted experiment,the results indicated that:Nitrogen fertilization could improve turf color,increase clipping yields and evapotranspiration rates;Phosphorus fertilization could increase clipping yields when the turf was established lately.Potassium fertilization could result in poorer color and lower clipping yields when available nitrogen and available phosphorus were abundant in the soil.Nitrogen fertilization could accelerate nitration process in the soil,however balanced fertilization could retard the nitration process and reduce nitrate concentrations in the soil,consequently lower the likelihood of nitrate leaching.There was a significantly linear correlation between evapotranspiration rate and clipping yield (r=0.9965);There was a difference in nutrition release patterns between controlled_release fertilizers and readily available fertilizers,better color,more clipping yields and evapotranspiration rates were observed for the turf treated by readily available fertilizers in initial period,however the opposition was right in final period.

关 键 词：草地早熟禾草坪 施肥 质量 剪草量 蒸散量 控释肥料 硝态氮淋失 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺]