北京地区大气能见度变化规律及影响因子统计分析  

ANALYSIS OF VARIATION FEATURES OF VISIBILITY AND ITS EFFECT FACTORS IN BEIJING

作　　者：王淑英[1] 张小玲[1] 徐晓峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市气象局气象科学研究所,北京100089

出　　处：《气象科技》2003年第2期109-114,共6页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：科技部"北京大气污染综合治理对策研究"项目资助

摘　　要：1990～ 2 0 0 0年北京地区大气能见度的统计分析表明 ,大气能见度有明显的年际变化、季节变化和日变化特征。冬、春、秋三季及全年日平均年际变化表现为 2 0世纪 90年代中期能见度较好 ,前期和末期能见度较差 ,2 0 0 0年能见度迅速好转 ;夏季能见度年际变化在 1997年以前与其他季节相反 ,1995年能见度最差。大气能见度与同期地面气象条件和主要污染物浓度的相关性比较表明 ,春、夏、秋三季以空气湿度、PM10 和风速为主要影响因子 ,冬季以PM10 、SO2 、空气湿度和风速为主要影响因子。能见度与相对湿度和空气污染物浓度呈反相关 ,与风速的相关性较为复杂 (有时呈正相关 ,有时呈反相关 ) ;高湿度 (相对湿度 f≥ 80 % )、小风速 (地面风速u≤ 2m·s-1)和雾是造成低能见度的主要气象条件 ;污染物浓度对能见度的影响以冬季最为明显 ,秋季次之 。Through analyzing the visibility data from 1990 to 2000 in Beijing, it showed that the horizontal visibility had the yearly, seasonal and daily variation features. In winter, spring and autumn, visibility was better in medium of 1990s than that in early and late 1990s. There was a rapid improvement of visibility from 1999 to 2000. In summer, the variation trend was opposite to other seasons before 1997 and the visibility became the lowest in 1995. On average, visibility in spring was the best and worst in summer among one year. There existed significant correlation between visibility and surface meteorological condition and the main air pollutants. The pertinence of visibility and air pollutants concentration and weather condition illustrated that relative humidity, PM 10 concentration, surface wind were the main influencing factors to visibility in spring, summer and autumn. In winter, the main factors were PM 10 , SO 2, humidity and surface wind. The results indicated that there was positive correlation between visibility and surface wind and there was inverse correlation between visibility and humidity, air pollutants' concentration. It seemed that high humidity (relative humidity ≥ 80%), light wind ( surface wind ≤2m/s ) and fog were the main meteorological conditions which influence low visibility. Air pollutants' concentration affected visibility much more in winter than other seasons.

关 键 词：北京 大气能见度 变化规律 影响因子 统计分析 空气污染物浓度 气象条件 空气湿度 风速 

分 类 号：P427.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P457.7