工厂化流水养鲍系统水质动态变化  

Dynamic variation of water quality in flowing system for abalone culture

作　　者：甘居利[1] 林钦[1] 王小平[1] 杨美兰[1] 王增焕[1] 黄洪辉[1] 贾晓平[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东广州510300

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2003年第4期333-337,共5页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家"九五"重点科技攻关项目(96-008-03-04).

摘　　要：于粤东工厂化杂色鲍(HaliotisdiverscolorReeve)养殖场的进水管、养鲍池、排水渠分别取水样,测定水中pH、DO、DIN及DIP的质量浓度C(X)。进水为自然海水经沉淀、过滤。池中水温为26 9～29 0℃,幼鲍养殖密度2500～3000ind/m2;成鲍放养密度为120笼/池,40个/笼,体重12g。观察实验共进行6天。结果显示,水质有一定程度的空间分布差异和时间变化。出水口水体DIP质量浓度、DIN质量浓度及COD质量浓度比进水水体明显增高,平均分别增高1.6、1.4和0.6倍,出水口水体DIP质量浓度20%观测值超过二类海水水质标准。出水水体C(DO)和pH略有降低,平均分别降低0.31mg/L和0.16。不同水质因子进、出水的变化程度依次是C(DIP)>C(DIN)>C(COD)>C(DO)>pH,C(DO)和pH的降低与C(DIP)、C(DIN)和C(COD)的增高有密切联系。连续注水的幼鲍池中C(DO)和pH从进水段、中段到出水段呈逐渐降低趋势,停止注水则段间差异消失。24h水质变化显示,池中C(DO)与pH在8∶00～16∶00高于20∶00～4∶00,C(COD)以午夜较高、20:00次之。这与杂色鲍昼伏夜动的生活习性有关,C(DO)和pH的时间变化还与水温的波动有关。从总体看,该流水体系中,水质基本满足我国相关水质标准的要求。The observation was conducted for six days in an industrial aquacultural farm for Haliotis diverscolor culture in east Guangdong Province. The water samples were collected from the inlet, the pond and the offtake of thefarm, respectively. The water temperature in the ponds varied from 26.9 to 29.0 ℃ and the inlet water was the nature sea water after precipitated and filtered. In each of the larval ponds, the larval density was 2 500-3 000 inds/m2 and each of the adult ponds had 120 cages with 40 inds each, body weight 12 g. The results showed that the water quality varied with different sampling spot and time. In the outlet water the concentrations of DIP, DIN and COD were much higher than those in the inlet water, which increased by 1.6, 1.4 and 0.6 times, respectively. Of the DIP values, 20% passes over the limit provided in the national criteria for sea water Level Ⅱ. The values of DO and pH declined slightly in the outlet water, which reduced by 0.31 mg/L and 0.16, respectively. The changing degrees of the water quality factors followed the order of DIP>DIN>COD>DO>pH and the results verified that the reduction of DO and pH had close relationship with the increase of DIP, DIN and COD. When sea water was continuously added into the larval ponds, the values of DO and pH tended to gradual decrease from the inlet and the middle to the outlet water. The 24 h successful observation showed that the values of DO and pH in the ponds were higher during 8∶00 to 16∶00 than those during 20∶00 to 4∶00 and the value of COD is higher at midnight. This variation might have some relationship with the abalones habit of resting at day and acting at night. The water quality of the flowing system basically accorded with the criteria for water quality of China.

关 键 词：杂色鲍 工厂化养殖 水质变化 

分 类 号：S968.315[农业科学—水产养殖] S949[农业科学—水产科学]