革用聚氨酯/SiO_2纳米复合材料的制备与物性研究  

Preparation and Characterization of Leather Polyurethane/SiO_2 Nano-composite Materials

作　　者：张志华[1] 吴广明[1] 沈军[1] 付甜[1] 杨帆[1] 夏长生[1] 王珏[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学物理系,上海200092

出　　处：《材料科学与工程学报》2003年第4期498-502,共5页Journal of Materials Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目和面上资助项目 (2 0 1 330 4 0699780 1 7) ;863资助项目(2 0 0 2AA842 0 52);上海市纳米科技与产业促进中心资助项目 (0 1 52nm0 1 20 1 59nm0 39);上海市重点学科建设资助项目

摘　　要：采用溶胶 凝胶反应制备纳米SiO2 颗粒 ,然后通过超声分散机将SiO2 纳米颗粒分散到聚氨酯树脂中制备出聚氨酯 SiO2 纳米复合材料。利用透射电子显微镜 (TEM)、傅里叶红外分光光度计 (FTIR)、万能电子试验机、动态力学分析仪 (DMA)、量热示差扫描仪 (DSC)分别表征了纳米复合树脂材料的结构和形态、力学性能和热稳定性。实验结果表明 ,纳米SiO2 颗粒均匀分布在聚氨酯中 ,并与聚氨酯的基团发生了反应 ;聚氨酯 SiO2 纳米复合材料具有较纯聚氨酯树脂更高的模量和内耗峰强度。拉伸强度和拉伸模量得到了很大的提高 ,并具有一个最佳值 ;而断裂伸长率有所下降 ,但随SiO2 含量的进一步增加又有所提高 ;纳米SiO2 掺杂对聚氨酯树脂的耐低温的性能影响不大 ,却提高了树脂的耐热性能 ,从而使聚氨酯树脂使用温度更宽。Polyurethane/SiO\-2 nono\|composite materials were prepared by nano\|SiO\-2 particles dispersing in the polyurethane resins through supersonic disperse instrument.Nano\|SiO\-2 particles were prepared by sol\|gel process.The chemical structure and morphology of nano\|composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and transmission electron micrography(TEM).The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the polyurethane resins were studied by all\|powerful electron tester,dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA),differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) respectively.The result indicated that nano\|SiO\-2 particles were evenly dispersed in the polyurethane and chemical\|bonded with it.The addition of the small amount of nano\|SiO\-2 can increase the reserve energy modulus and the peak of tan δ of the polymer.There was higher tensile strength and stretching modulus in the nano\|composites.Elongation at break had a downtrend at first and ascending trend afterwards.Nano\|SiO\-2 had little influence to low temperature\|resistant properties,but abviously improved heat\|resistant properties of the resin which located in the leather state with a broader range.

关 键 词：聚氨酯/SiO2纳米复合材料 制备 物性 溶胶-凝胶反应 树脂 纳米技术 人造革 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]