半干旱农田生态系统覆膜进程和施肥对春小麦耗水量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of plastic film mulching on spring wheat's water consumption and water use efficiency in semiarid agro-ecological system

作　　者：任书杰[1] 李世清[1,2] 王俊[2] 凌莉[1] 李凤民[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]兰州大学干旱农业生态国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2003年第4期1-5,共5页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30230230,39970151,39970459);教育部优秀青年教师资助计划(20022096);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(G2000018603);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划);国家重点实验室基金(10501-104);农业部农业科技跨越计划(2000-6)

摘　　要：在年降水量 4 15 m m的黄土高原中部黄绵土上 ,以春小麦 (Triticum aestivum)为供试作物进行大田试验 ,研究了地膜覆盖 (设不覆膜、播种后覆膜 30 d、覆膜 6 0 d和全程覆膜 )和施氮 (设不施氮和施氮 75 kg/hm2 )对春小麦耗水量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明 ,地膜覆盖对春小麦耗水量和水分利用效率的影响与底墒和覆膜进程有关。增加底墒和施肥 ,春小麦全生育期耗水量显著增加。高底墒处理的平均耗水量 (32 7.7m m)比低底墒(2 85 .4 mm)高 4 2 .3m m,差异达显著水平 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;施氮后 ,耗水量也显著增加 ,不施氮时 ,平均耗水量为2 99.0 m m,施氮后平均为 314 .1mm,施氮比不施氮增加 15 .1m m。在降水相对丰富年份 ,对低底墒处理 ,不同覆膜进程对春小麦全生育期耗水量没有显著影响 ,而对高底墒处理 ,覆膜 30 d和 6 0 d作物全生育期耗水量显著高于对照和全程覆膜 ,但覆膜 30 d和 6 0 d间、全程覆膜和不覆膜间的差异均不显著。因此在降水丰富年份 ,全程覆膜并没有使作物全生育期耗水量减少 ,同时也并没有使作物收获后的残留底墒增加。从总体上看 ,覆膜处理比底墒和施肥对作物耗水量的影响小。无论是用地上干物质计算 ,还是用籽粒计算 ,施氮后水分利用效率明显增加。A field experiment was carried out on cultivated loessial soil in semiarid area with 415 mm precipitation and spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) used as an indicating crop to study the effects of plastic film mulching period(including no mulching,mulching for 30 days,mulching for 60 days,after sowing and mulching for whole growing period) and nitrogen fertilizer application (including no nitrogen application and nitrogen application N 75 kg/hm 2) on the spring wheats water consumption and water use efficiency (WUE).The results showed that the effects of plastic film mulching on spring wheats water consumption and water use efficiency (WUE) had relation with soil water storage amount in soil profile before sowing and plastic film mulching course.Spring wheats water consumption in all growing period remarkably increased when soil water storage amount in soil profile before sowing increased and nitrogen fertilizer was applied.The water consumption in high soil water storage amount (327.7 mm) in soil profile before sowing was higher than low soil water storage amount (285.4 mm) in soil profile before sowing,and the difference was 42.3 mm ( P <0.05);water consumption was also increased when nitrogen fertilizer was applied,and the average water consumption was 299.0 mm when there was no nitrogen fertilizer,while it was 314.1 mm when nitrogen fertilizer was applied,the difference was 15.1 mm.In year with normal precipitation,the different plastic film mulching course had no remarkable effect on the water consumption of spring wheats growing period in the treatment of low soil water storage amount in soil profile before sowing,while in the treatments of high soil water storage amount in soil profile before sowing,the water consumption for the plastic film mulching for 30 days and 60 days treatment were higher than control and plastic film mulching for the whole growing period,but the difference between the two treatments wasnt significant,and the difference between plastic film mulching for the who

关 键 词：地膜覆盖 春小麦 水分利用效率 耗水量 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]