施微肥对祁连山高寒沼泽湿地生态系统土壤及植被生长状况的影响  

Effect of Micro-fertilizer Appication on the Soil Dynamic and the Status of Vegetation in Qilian Mountain Alpine-cold Swamp Ecosystem

作　　者：罗巧玉[1,2] 马永贵[1,2] 谢慧春 陈志 

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学青藏高原环境与资源教育部重点实验室 [2]青藏高原药用动植物省科技厅重点实验室,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《青海师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第3期27-33,共7页Journal of Qinghai Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"祁连山湿地生态系统修复保护技术集成与示范"(2012BAC08B04);青藏高原药用动植物资源重点实验室(2015-Z-Y-06)

摘　　要：湿地是水域和陆地系统交互接壤地带中天然或人工形成的长久或暂时性的沼泽、泥炭等带有静止或流动水体的成片浅水区,对调节气候、涵养水源、蓄洪防旱、保护生物多样性、调节生态平衡等方面发挥着重要作用.然而,祁连山高寒沼泽湿地生态系统地处内陆腹地,降水稀少,气候干燥,是一个基础相当脆弱的生态环境.近年来,由于社会不断发展,人为因素和自然因素使祁连山高寒沼泽湿地生态系统平衡遭到严重破坏.因此,本研究通过探究施用微量元素肥料对祁连山高寒沼泽湿地土壤养分及植被生长状况的影响,提出相应的湿地保护模式,为祁连山湿地可持续利用及保护提供技术支撑.结果表明:以混合肥(150kg/ha过磷酸钙+150kg/ha尿素+75kg/ha硫酸钾)为基肥,施加微量元素(0.25kg/ha硫酸镍+2.5kg/ha硼酸+2.5kg/ha钼酸铵+2.5kg/ha硫酸锰+2.5kg/ha硫酸锌+2.5kg/ha硫酸铜+5kg/ha硫酸铁+10kg/ha硫酸镁)处理0~10cm、10~20cm土层中全氮、速效磷、全钾、速效钾含量及0~10cm土层中有机质、全碳、硝态氮、铵态氮含量均高于对照;改善了湿地土壤微量营养;其植被盖度提高了28.88%,主要种如小钩苔草、华扁穗草、藏蒿草的植株高度明显提高,单位样方内地上生物量提高了95.42%.Qilian mountain cold swamp has played an important role in protecting locate ecological sys-tem,such as,regulating climate,consternating water,consternating biodiversity and adjusting the ecolog-ical balance. However,it is located in the interior area where far away from the sea,with little rainfall and surrounded by desert and saline-alkali land,which makes the Qilian mountain cold swamp become a very fragile ecological environment. In addition,human beings have done a destructive grab with the swamp. The ecological balance of Qilian mountain cold swamp is broken down. The purpose of this project is ap-plying micro-fertilizer to restore the broken cold swamp and protect the original cold swamp,and form a set of restoration and protection technical systems for Qilian mountains cold swamp. The experiment result indicates:To mix in 150kg/ha superphosphate+150kg/ha urea+ 75kg/ha potassium sulfate as the basal, applying micro-fertilizer (0.25kg/ha of nickel sulfate+2.5kg/ha boric acid+2.5kg/ha of ammonium mo-lybdate+2.5kg/ha of manganese sulfate+2.5kg/ha of zinc sulphate+2.5kg/ha copper sulfate+5kg/ha ferric sulfate + 10kg/ha magnesium sulfate ),the total nitrogen,available phosphorus,total potassium, available potassium content of soil in 0~10 cm,10~20 cm and the organic matter,total carbon,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen content of soil in 0~10 cm were higher than control ;To improve the micro-nutrients in swamp soil ;Vegetation coverage increased by 28.88%,The plant height of main species,such as Carex microglochin, Blysmus sinocompressus, Tibetan wormwood increased significantly, The aboveground biomass of unit quadrat increased by 95.42%.

关 键 词：祁连山 沼泽湿地 土壤 植被 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学] Q948[农业科学—农业基础科学]