中国西北叠合盆地的主要构造特征  

THE MAIN TECTONIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPERIMPOSED BASINS,NORTH WEST CHINA

作　　者：汤良杰[1] 贾承造[2] 金之钧[1] 马宗晋[3] 

机构地区：[1]教育部石油天然气成藏机理重点实验室 [2]中国石油天然气股份有限公司,北京100011 [3]中国地震局地质研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《地学前缘》2003年第U08期118-124,共7页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目 (G19990 43 3 0 5 ) ;国家自然科学基金资助项目 (4 0 172 0 76)

摘　　要：探讨了中国西北地区大型叠合含油气盆地的主要特征 ,研究表明 ,在中国西北叠合盆地发展演化过程中 ,构造变革和构造耦合起着主导作用。构造变革包括大地构造格局的转变、沉积区和剥蚀区的转换、盆地类型的转换、大型区域性不整合的出现以及发生盆地构造反转等 ,这种构造变革具有多期性。叠合盆地构造耦合的方式主要涉及深部和浅部构造的耦合和盆山耦合等。盆山转换、盆山过渡带深部浅部构造的耦合、盆地沉降与造山带隆升耦合以及不同方向构造的耦合 ,反映了盆山耦合的多样性和复杂性。中国西北叠合盆地构造特征主要表现为构造的分层性、分带性、分段性、交叉性以及区域构造应力场的多变性 ,喜马拉雅运动对于中国西北叠合盆地最后的构造改造以及构造定型起着重要的制约作用。The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of major superimposed basins in northwest China. It is indicated that the tectonic change and tectonic coupling play an important role in the development and evolution of superimposed basins in northwest China. The tectonic changes include the transition of geotectonic framework, the transition of sedimentation and erosion, the change of basin types and the major regional unconformities, and basin inversion. The tectonic changes occurred are multi-phasial. The patterns of tectonic coupling include the coupling between the crust-mantle features and deformation of sedimentary cover and the coupling between basins and ranges. The basin-range coupling, being of diversity and complexity, includes the transition of basin and mountain, the coupling of deep-shallow tectonics in the basin-range transitional zone, the coupling of basin subsidence and mountain uplifting and the coupling of different structural belts. The tectonic characteristics of superimposed basins in NW China are mainly of multi-horizons, the zonation in cross-section, the segmentation along the strike of structural belts, the intersection of the different structures and the variations in regional structural stress field. The Himalayan movement might have played an important role in the last tectonic change and emplacement of the superimposed basins in NW China.

关 键 词：叠合盆地 构造变革 构造耦合 构造特征 中国西北地区 

分 类 号：P544.4[天文地球—构造地质学]