甘肃所产红豆草种子的种传真菌  

PATHOGENIC FUNGI CARRIED BY SAINFOIN SEEDS IN GANSU PROVINCE

作　　者：梁玉珐 刘若[1] 薛福祥[1] 朱琳 李启文 杨正祥 才老 田旭文 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学

出　　处：《草业科学》1989年第4期5-9,共5页Pratacultural Science

摘　　要：1986～1987年间,在实验室内和田间小区中检验了甘肃4个地区所产红豆草种样。共检出15个真菌种或属,即链格孢(Alternaria alternata)、红豆草壳二孢(Ascochyta onobrychidis)、灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)、多主枝孢(Cladosporium herbarum)、镰孢(Fusarium spp)、束状匍柄霉(Stemphylium sarciniiforme)、红豆草单胞锈(Uromyces onobrychidis)、立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、曲霉(Aspergillus spp)、青霉(Penicillium spp)、匍枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer)、毛壳(Chaetomium spp)、粉红端孢(Trichothecium roseum)和长蠕孢(Helminthosporium sp)。当地流行的大多数病原真菌均可借种子传播,并可穿透荚皮和种皮,升汞只能杀灭种子表面附着的真菌,而不能消灭子叶和胚内存在的真菌。较干燥地区所产种样的发芽率和健苗率显著高于较湿润地区所产种样的数据,而种子的真菌污染率与发芽率呈负相关。因此,作者们建议种子生产基地应建在较千燥地区,以使所产种子品质良好。荚果发芽率总是比种子的低得多,而其真菌污染率远比种子的高。当前的播种全荚果的习惯,似应改为播种去荚皮的种子。ABSTRACT During 1986-1987, the sainfoin seed samples from 4 districts in Gansu Province were exam-ined in laboratory and field plots. 15 species or genera of fungus have been found from the sam-ples, namely: Alternaria alternata, Ascochyta onobrychidis, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium spp., Stemphylium sarcinfiforme, Uromyces onobrychidis, Rhizoctonia solani, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Cheatomium sp. Trichothecium roseum and Helminthosporium sp., Most of the pathogenic fungal species pre-vailing in these areas can be transmitted by seeds, and penetrate.the pod coat and seed coat. Mercury chloride can only eliminate the fungi adhering to the seed surfaces, but not the fungi inhabting inside cotyledons and embryos. The germination percentage and the ratio of healthy seedlings of the samples from drier re-gions were significantly higher than those of the samples from relatively humid areas, and the fungal infestion rate of seeds was correlated negatively with the germin percentage. There-fore, the authors suggested that seed production bases should be estblished in drier regions in order to produce seeds of good quality. The germinating ability of the pod was always much lower than the germinating capacity of seeds and the fungal infestion percentage of pods was much higher than that of seeds, Perhaps, the current way of sowing with whole pods should be replaced by using clean seeds without pod coats.

关 键 词：红豆草 驴食豆 种子 真菌 

分 类 号：S541.404.1[农业科学—作物学]