活性阴极的工业化应用探讨  

Discussion on industrial application of activated cathode

作　　者：吴楼涛[1] 刘光中 

机构地区：[1]中国石化集团江汉油田盐化工总厂,湖北潜江433121 [2]遵义碱厂,贵州遵义563004

出　　处：《氯碱工业》2003年第7期8-11,13,共5页Chlor-Alkali Industry

摘　　要：说明了使用活性阴极可以降低电解槽阴极过电位,进而降低电解电耗。总结了降低电解槽析氢电位的原理和采用低过电位常数材料并对此种材料表面进行处理来降低析氢电位的方法,介绍了多孔性、合金类和具有内禀催化活性的氧化物3种活性阴极,讨论了电解槽、电流密度、电解质、温度等活性阴极工业化性能的测试条件,并就国产Ⅰ、Ⅱ型活性阴极和英国ICI公司制作的CA1000活性阴极的初始活性、节电效能及耐久性进行了对比分析。实验数据表明:活性阴极的应用可以大大降低槽压降,其中Ⅰ型阴极降压值为242.5mV,是3种活性阴极中降压值最大的;这3种活性阴极均有较好的活性,Ⅰ型阴极与ICI公司CA1000型阴极的初始活性比较接近;设电解时的电流效率为95%,与不带活性涂层的阴极相比,在满负荷(3.27kA m2)情况下,Ⅰ型阴极节电量为176kW·h (t·NaOH),Ⅱ型阴极为131kW·h (t·NaOH),CA1000型阴极为169kW·h (t·NaOH);且Ⅱ型阴极的耐久性能为3种阴极中最佳。It is explained that using the activted cathode can reduce the cathode overpotential as well as the electric consumption of electrolysis.The principle of reducing hydrogen-precipitated potential and the methods of using material with low overpotential constant and treating the material surface to reduce the potential are summarized.Such three categories of activated cathodes are also introduced as porous cathode,alloy cathode and intrinsic catalytic oxide cathode.The testing conditions of industrial performance are discussed,including electrolyzer,current density,electrolyte,temperature.Comparing the initial activity,electric-saving efficiency and the durability of the activated cathodes CA1000 by ICI Co. from England with those of domestic Ⅰ,Ⅱ-type activated cathodes.The experimental date show that using the activated cathode can reduce cell voltage drop.Among them,the voltage drop value of Ⅰ-type cathode is 242.5 mV,the highest of the three. All of the three cathodes have good activity,the inital activity of Ⅰ-type approaches to that of CA1000.Assuming the current efficiency of electrolysis is 95%,the activated cathode runs in full-load(3.27 kA/m2) and is compared with the cathode without activated coating,electric-saving amount of Ⅰ-type cathode is 176 kW·h/(t·NaOH) ,that of Ⅱ-type is 131 kW·h/(t·NaOH) and that of CA1000 is 169 kW·h/(t·NaOH).And the durability of Ⅱ-type is the best of the three.

关 键 词：活性阴极 工业化应用 电解槽 电解 电耗 离子膜烧碱 

分 类 号：TQ114.262[化学工程—无机化工]