试论80年代拉丁美洲经济发展模式的转变  

On the Transformation of Latin America's Economic Development Model in the 1980s

作　　者：吴国平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》1992年第5期1-9,63,共9页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：80年代,拉丁美洲经济发生了深刻变化。战后将近30年的经济持续增长局面发生了逆转,传统经济发展理论面临严峻挑战,拉美经济理论界经过深刻反思,正在探索新的发展理论;拉美经济发展战略正在由国家干预下的进口替代工业化,向市场导向的面向出口和有效的、有选择的进口替代相结合的新模式转变,出现了经济市场化、贸易自由化和企业私有化的新趋势。上述变化表明,拉美经济在经过将近10年的重大调整之后,正在出现新的转折,其最重要的标志是,战后拉美国家实行了几十年的发展模式正在发生根本性的变化。尽管拉美各国在经济调整的规模、发展战略转型的速度等方面存在较大差异,它们都对各自的发展战略进行了重大调整,选择了一条更加开放、更富于挑战性和竞争性的新的发展道路。这一变化,对本世纪最后几年甚至下个世纪拉美地区的经济发展都将产生重大影响。ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF LATIN AMERICA CAME across severe challenges in the 1980s:the heavy debt burden made the region fall into greater need of capital;the original industrialization strategy whose high investment rate depended largely on external financing failed to sustain; high inflation created serious maeroeconomic disequilibrium;and economic growth stagnated with sluggish investment.Therefore,it is imperative for Latin America to find an alternative development model to revive the economies.Dramatic changes of the international political and economic patroons facilitated the transformation of the original model.In the 1980s,Latin American economies were greatly adjusted,and significant changes occurred in both the economic development theories and the model,thus making the decade a historic turning point in the process of economic development.In terms of development theories, Latin American countries have abandoned ideological considerations and empha- sized pragmaticism.As regards the development model,new tendencies like market regulation over the economies,trade liberalization and privatization have emerged.All of these changes have been brought forward through two stages in a gradual way.In the first stage,macroeconomic equilibrium was restored.In the second stage,on the basis of macroeconomic stabilization,adjustment was made towards the economic structure and development strategy.In the process of tramsforming the development model,two kinds of trends have appeared:simi- larities of macroeconomic policies are on the rise,and diversities are evident in both the speed of transforming the model and the results of economic adjustment. Whether the transformation will succeed or not depends largely on the internal problem of poverty and also on the external factors such as world economic situa- tion,the amount o

关 键 词：拉丁美洲 经济发展 模式 

分 类 号：F173.04[经济管理—世界经济]