松树枯梢病潜伏侵染的研究  

STUDIES ON LATENT INFECTION OF PINE SHOOT BLIGHT DISEASE(SPHAEROPSIS SAPINEA)

作　　者：刘艳[1,2] 叶建仁[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,南京210037 [2]山东曲阜师范学院生物系讲师

出　　处：《林业科学》2003年第4期67-72,共6页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家"九五"攻关专题"沿海防护林重大病虫害防治技术研究"的部分内容

摘　　要：研究表明在火炬松、湿地松、短叶松和马尾松健康梢上整年都能分离到松枯梢病菌 ,其中在火炬松上的得菌率为 15 %～ 37 7% ,且大多数月份高于 2 0 % ;湿地松上的得菌率稍低于火炬松 ,为 7 5 %～ 2 9 1% ;短叶松梢上的得菌率是 13 8%～ 5 7 1% ,月份之间的差异较大 ;马尾松得菌率最低 ,为 9 7%～ 2 2 4 % ,多数分离得菌率低于 2 0 %。健康梢的不同部位得菌率有一定差异 ,枝和新梢较高 ,芽稍低 ,叶最低。在 1年中 ,健康梢上得菌率有 3个高峰期 ,即 4～ 5月、7～ 8月和 10～ 11月 ,是潜伏侵染的的主要时期。将健康芽和梢进行诱发培养 ,10d后组织块上及周围产生松枯梢病菌的分生孢子器 ,得菌情况与常规分离相似。在当年孢子散发之前 ,对健康梢套袋隔离试验 ,发现套袋梢仍会发病 ,说明在发病的春梢中 ,有一部分是由于潜伏侵染的松枯梢病菌造成的。从而证明松枯梢病菌在火炬松、湿地松、短叶松和马尾松上普遍存在潜伏侵染。Pine shoot blight disease( Sphaeropsis sapinea ) was a pine disease that took place around the world.It mainly infected Pinus taeda, P.elliottii,P.echinata and P.massoniana in China. This study showed the pine shoot blight fungus could be isolated from the healthy tissues of the four pines in each month yearly.The isolated fungus percentages were associated with 15%～37 7% of P.taeda ,13 8%～57 1% of P.echinata ,7 5%～29 1% of P.elliottii and 9 7%～22 4% of P.massoniana. There were some percentage differences in different parts of pine individuals,higher on branches and shoots,a little lower on buds,and the lowest on the needles.Asymptomatic shoots and buds were cultured on damp filter paper.After 10 days,pycnidias of S.sapinea could be found on the segments.The results were similar with those used isolation methods.Before the current\|year spores were released,some shoots and buds of pine were covered with blastic bags.Some of shoot blight and bud rot appeared.All as above,it was sure that there existed latent infection of S.sapinea on pine.

关 键 词：松树 枯梢病 潜伏侵染 得菌率 诱发培养 分生孢子器 套袋梢 春梢 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学] S763.1[农业科学—林学]