无土栽培新装置根区环境温、湿度及设施内地表湿度变化  

DAILY VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN ROOT AREA OF A NEW SOILLESS CULTURE DEVICE

作　　者：卜崇兴[1] 李式军[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物技术学院 [2]南京农业大学

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2003年第3期83-86,共4页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：科技部十五重点攻关课题"现代大型温室蔬菜标准化栽培技术体系研究与产业化示范"(编号:2001BA503B05)资助。

摘　　要：在甜瓜苗期和植株封行后分别测定无土栽培装置气室内温、湿度和封行后近地表的空气相对湿度,结果表明:苗期气室内温度紧随室内气温和光照的变化而变化,尤其是当外壁涂黑后升温更为明显,尽管气室温度日变化大,但相对湿度变化小,一天内最低湿度不低于90％;甜瓜植株封行后,气室内温度受气温和光照影响减小,但由于根系吸水量增加,气室内日湿度差变大,沙基质白色装置的湿度最低降到了86％,但苇末基质和沙基质黑色装置的湿度维持在90％以上,表明苇末基质和黑色装置对提高气室湿度有利;无土栽培装置营养液循环避免了营养液向土壤中渗漏,与常规无土栽培比地表相对湿度降低了10％,使一天中平均湿度降到73％,有利于植株生长和减轻病害的发生。Temperature and relative humidity in the cavity of a new soilless culture device as well as relative humidity near ground surface during the seedling stage and after melon plants covered the ground were measured respectively. The results showed that the temperature inside the cavity changed as air temperature and sun light intensive in the greenhouse changed. Especially the temperature was increased significantly with black-wall pot. Although the temperature difference changed more during day time, the relative humidity changed little, the lowest humidity is not below 90% during day time. After melon plants covered the ground, the temperature inside cavity was not more affected by the air temperature and sun light intensive in greenhouse but the humidity difference increased during day time because of increasing water quantity of roots absorbed, the humidity reduced to 86% with sand substrate in white-wall pot, while the humidity maintained above 90% with reed substrate and sand in black-wall of pots. It's showedthat the reed substrate and black-wall pot are good for increasing the humidityinside cavity. Reused the nutrient solution with this soilless culture system can prevent soil from nutrient solution drainage, it can decrease 10% relative humidity of ground surface compared with traditional soilless culture system. It's good for plant growth and reducing plant disease occur when average humidity is down to 73 % .

关 键 词：无土栽培装置 根区环境 温度 湿度 栽培设施 内地表 南方地区 厚皮甜瓜 蔓枯病 

分 类 号：S436.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S317[农业科学—植物保护]