不同施肥结构对稻田氮素循环和能量流动影响的分析  

Analysis of Effects of Different Fertilization Structure on Nitrogen Cycling and Energy Flow in Rice Fields

作　　者：张美良[1] 刘经荣[1] 吴建富[1] 郭成志[1] 刘卫东[1] 潘磊 黄花香[3] 杨芳 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省余江县农业局,江西余江335200 [3]江西省邓家埠水稻原种场,江西余江335200 [4]南昌市农业局,江西南昌330009

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2003年第4期501-504,共4页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 95 60 0 2 0 )

摘　　要：应用15N示踪方法 ,研究了不同施肥结构对稻田N素的储存、流向及其利用效率 ,结果证明绿肥和沼肥与化学N肥配合施用能促进水稻对N素的吸收 ,并利于N向稻谷转移 ,从而提高了水稻的经济产量 ,且肥料N在土壤中的残留量相当于单施化学N肥的 2～2 .5倍 ,而气态损失 ,后者为前者的 2 .6～ 8.2倍 ,因而有利于土壤肥力的提高。同时根据各施肥处理实际投入和输出的成分和数量 ,换算求得人工辅助能投结构 ,能量的产出量和能量效率以及光能利用率 ,实验证明 ,绿肥、沼肥与化学N肥配合施用 ,能提高水稻的光能利用率和能量的产出量 ,其有机能投占总能投 80 %以上 ,既节约化肥投资 ,减少工业能的消耗 ,又改善了土壤理化生物性质。The 15 N-labelled tracer determination method was used to study the effects of different fertilization structure on the stock, transformation, fate and utilization efficiency of N in rice fields. It was shown that the mixed application of milk vetch,biogas-tank sludge and chemical fertilizer could promote N Partitioning to rice grain, therefore it was economically advantageous to yield improvement. The residential quantity in soil of the fertilizer N was equivalent to 2.0～2.5 times that of only chemical fertilizer, and yet gaseous loss N of the latter was 2.6～8.2 times that of the former, which thus could promote the soil fertility. Meanwhile, on the basis of the components and quanty of the actual input and output in different fertilization treatments, the structure of artificial supplementary energy input, the quantities of energy output and the energy efficiency as well as the utilization efficiency of the solar energy were calculated. Research shew that the mixed application of milk vetch, biogas-tank sludge and chemical fertilizer could promote the utilization efficiency of the solar energy and the quanty of energy output in rice culture, of which the organic energy in the total energy input was above 80%. Thus, this could save the chemical fertilizer investment, reduce the industrial energy consumption, and improve the physical, chemical and biological properties in soil.

关 键 词：稻田 氮素循环 能量流动 施肥结构 肥料利用率 绿肥 沼肥 化学氮肥 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S147.2