中国男子跳远运动员起跳不同时相的运动学参数  

Study on different kinematic parameters during the take-off phase of Chinese male broad jump athletes

作　　者：马俊明[1] 周巧玲 朱咏贤[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院体育教育运动训练二系,上海市200438 [2]上海市南湖职业学校,上海200439

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2003年第18期2632-2633,共2页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

摘　　要：目的中国优秀男子跳远运动员起跳中不同时相速度变化特征的研究,对提高跳远成绩提供理论价值。方法采用现场定点高速摄影、影片分析以及数理统计等方法,通过对8名优秀男子跳远运动员A,B两组起跳阶段不同时相身体重心水平速度和垂直速度的变化与着板角、起跳缓冲和蹬伸阶段膝角变化的比较分析。结果成绩较好时,缓冲阶段身体重心水平速度的减小和垂直速度的增加相对较大;蹬伸阶段身体重心水平速度略有回升、垂直速度保持增加的态势,而且,离板瞬间身体重心水平速度和垂直速度都呈现出相对较大的趋势。结论中国优秀男子跳远运动员起跳缓冲阶段身体重心水平速度减小和垂直速度增加之间存在着密切关系。Aim To study the velocity variations of take-off phase of Chinese ma le elite broad jump athletes so as to lay a theoretical basis for the improvement of broad jump results.Methods High-speed camera photography and method of film analysis were used to record and analyze the jumping results of 7 male elite Chi nese broad jump athletes. The optimal results of these 8 athletes were included in group A,and the worst results in group B.The variations of the body center gr avity horizontal velocity and vertical velocity, and the variations of the landi ng board angle of the jumping foot, buffer and knee angle during the taking off phase were compared and analyzed between A and B groups.Results The decrease of the horizontal velocity and the increase of the vertical velocity were more rema rkable in the group A than in the group B during the buffer phase.The Chinese ma le elite long jumpers tended to incline to a small landing angle when the taking -off foot touched the board coordinated with obvious knee angle variations duri ng the buffer and taking-off phases The horizontal velocity and vertical veloci ty of the athletes' body center gravity inclined to the tendency of increase whe n the taking-off foot left the board. The horizontal velocity and vertical velo city showed a great increasing tendency as soon as the foot left the board. Conc lusion There is a close correlation between the decrease of horizontal velocity of body center gravity and the increase of vertical velocity among Chinese broad jumpers.

关 键 词：中国男子跳远运动员 起跳不同时相 运动学参数 跳远成绩 生物力学 

分 类 号：R87[医药卫生—运动医学]