真空灭弧室伴生X射线健康危害研究  

Research on Health Hazards Associated with Vacuum Arcing Chamber X-ray

作　　者：路建超[1] 王忠立[1] 杨海峰[1] 胡新梅[1] 康志东[1] 郭强[1] 晁晖[1] 刘红英[1] 赵丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]宝鸡市疾病预防控制中心,陕西宝鸡721026

出　　处：《中国辐射卫生》2015年第5期453-456,459,共5页Chinese Journal of Radiological Health

基　　金：宝鸡市卫生局立项课题(2014-45)

摘　　要：目的对真空灭弧室伴生X射线健康危害进行系统研究。方法采用现场职业放射卫生学调查、工作场所职业病危害检测、健康体检、个人剂量监测及综合分析法等进行研究。结果真空灭弧室高压试验设备防护前处于分闸状态时,操作位平均辐射水平达到(10.13±6.11)μGy/h,最高达到20μGy/h。防护网外30 cm处平均达到(31.36±15.78)μGy/h,最高达到75μGy/h。改造前后相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);高压试验作业人员白细胞减少人数明显高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。防护改造前高压试验人员人均年有效剂量1.25 m Sv/a。与工业探伤人员比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),防护改造后人均年有效剂量0.57 m Sv/a,与工业探伤人员比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论伴生X射线是真空灭弧室高压试验严重的职业病危害因素,必须纳入辐射工作场所进行管理。Objective To investigate health hazards of the vacuum Arcing chamber associated X-ray. Methods To be studied by the method of the spot investigation about the occupational health and radiation hygiene,workplace occupational-disease-inductive detection,physical examination,personal dose detection and comprehensive analysis. Results Before vacuum arcing chamber pressure test equipment protection were an average radiation levels( 10. 13 ± 6. 11) μGy / h in a state of break-brake,up to 20 μ Gy / h. 30 cm outside the fence was an average of( 31. 36 ± 15. 78) μ Gy / h,up to 75 μGy / h. Before and after the transformation Compared difference was statistically significant( P < 0. 01); The number of high pressure test operation workers of leukopenia is significantly higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant( P <0. 05). The average annual effective dose of protective high voltage testing personals were 1. 25 m Sv / a before modification. Compared with industrial inspection personnel,the difference was statistically significant( P < 0. 01),The average annual effective dose of the personal was 0. 57 m Sv / a after the protection transformation there was no statistically significant difference compared with industrial inspection personnel( P > 0. 05). Conclusion X-ray associated with vacuum arcing chamber pressure test is severe occupational-disease-inductive factors. Management must be included in the radiation work site.

关 键 词：放射工作人员 职业病危害因素 伴生X射线 真空灭弧室 职业病 

分 类 号：R146[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]