和平权的缘起和演进  

Origin and Development of the Right to Peace

作　　者：赵建文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所

出　　处：《人权》2015年第6期86-102,共17页Human Rights

摘　　要：和平权在战后纽伦堡审判和东京审判的实践中萌发,由《联合国宪章》和《世界人权宣言》奠定法律基础,由《公民和政治权利国际公约》和《侵略定义》确定其若干要素,经《为各社会共享和平生活做好准备的宣言》和《人民享有和平权利宣言》重申和宣布后成为公认的人权,并且在冷战结束以来又有新的发展。从和平权的缘起及其70年来的演进过程看,这项权利已经由一项应然权利或道德权利演变为一项法定权利,由一项消极和平权意义上的权利演变为积极和平意义上的权利;人民和个人享有和平权,国家有义务维护和促进实现和平权;在国际人权法的权利体系中,和平权是实现其他人权的必要条件。Originally emerged in the practice of Nuremberg Trials and Tokyo Trials,the Right to Peace has acquired its legal foundation in the Charterof the United Nations and Universal Declaration of Human Rights.When its key elements were ascertained by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Definition of Aggression,especially reaffirmed by the Declaration on the Preparation of Societies for Life in Peace and proclaimed by the Declaration on the Right of Peoples to Peace,the Right to Peace has become a commonly recognized human right.M oreover,some newdevelopment has been found in this regard after the Cold War.With seventy years' development,the Right to Peace has already evolved into a legal right other than a natural right or a moral right,and a positive peace right instead of a negative one.All peoples and individuals have the right to peace and each state is obligated to protect and promote its realization.In the rights system of the international human right law,the Right to Peace is a major prerequisite for the realization of other kinds of human right.

关 键 词：国际人权法 和平权 集体人权 个人人权 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]