等高植物篱笆条件下红壤坡耕地水土流失的发生特征  

Characteristics of water and soil loss occurrence under contour hedges condition in red soil slope fields

作　　者：李新平[1] 陈欣[1] 王兆骞[1] 马琨[1] 张如良 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业生态研究所,浙江杭州310029 [2]浙江省兰溪市水土保持站,浙江兰溪351060

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2003年第4期368-374,共7页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家重点自然科学基金项目(30030030);国家自然科学基金项目(39870149).

摘　　要：研究了红壤坡耕地植物篱笆条件下的水土流失特征、土壤入渗特性及径流量、侵蚀量、侵蚀雨量、降雨量、入渗量的发生特征.结果表明,与大豆单作相比,黄花菜(HemerocalliscitrirnaBaroni)和百喜草(Paspalum.notatumFlugge)植物篱笆的径流量和侵蚀量分别减少10.14～11.56倍和135.34～165.84倍;植物篱笆处理和大豆单作处理的径流量、侵蚀量与可产生侵蚀的降雨量之间呈极显著正相关,建立了相应的降雨产流、降雨产沙、径流侵蚀回归模型,同时建立了降雨入渗、入渗产流、入渗侵蚀的回归模型.植物篱笆水土保持的本质原因是植物篱笆地下部根系显著改善了耕层土壤的物理性状;显著增强了土壤的入渗能力,植物篱笆带能在较长的时间内维持较高的土壤入渗量和较大的稳定入渗速率.Monthly distribution characteristics of rain capacity and rainfall erosion force, water and soil loss occurrence characteristics, soil infiltration characteristics and the connection between soil infiltration and runoff and soil loss were studied under contour hedge condition of experiment plots in red soil slope fields. The results showed that rain capacity in August was 22.26% of the whole year rainfall, and significant positive correlation existed between rain capacity and rainfall erosion force. On average, with the Hemerocallis citrirna Baroni and Paspalum. notatum Flugge hedgerows the annual runoff and soil loss decreased 10.1411.56 times and 　135.34165.84 times, respectively compared with the spring soybean monocropping pattern. Significant positive correlation was observed between the erosion rain capacity and runoff and soil loss under the hedgerows and soybean monocropping pattern, as well as between runoff and soil loss. Regression models were established to simulate the relationships between runoff, soil loss and the erosion rain capacity. Soil physical characteristics and soil infiltration were significantly improved by hedge roots and higher water infiltration capacity and infiltration rate were maintained in different hedgerows. Regression models were also established to simulate the relationships between runoff, soil loss and infiltration capacity.

关 键 词：等高植物篱笆 红壤 坡耕地 水土流失 土壤入渗 径流量 侵蚀量 侵蚀雨量 降雨量 入渗量 回归模型 水土保持 土壤物理性状 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] S157.433[农业科学—农业基础科学]