塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地土壤中微生物的生态分布及其与土壤因子间的关系  

Ecological distribution of soil microorganism in artificial greenbelt in hinterland of Takilimakan Desert and their relations with soil factors

作　　者：周智彬[1] 李培军[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳100015

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2003年第8期1246-1250,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G19990 4 350 4 );"西部开发科技行动"资助项目 ( 2 0 0 1BA90 1A35)

摘　　要：对咸水灌溉条件下的塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地土壤微生物的分布规律和环境因子对土壤微生物分布的影响进行了研究 .结果表明 ,人工绿地建成后 ,土壤结构和养分状况得到改善 ,土壤微生物在时间和地域分布上呈现明显的规律性 .土壤微生物区系组成中 ,细菌占绝对优势 ,放线菌次之 ,真菌最少 ;表层微生物数量远多于下层土壤 ;林地外围距林缘近的土壤微生物数量较多 ,3m以外微生物数量已接近流沙微生物量 ;3类土壤微生物分布具有不同的季节性规律 ,且不同立地类型土壤微生物分布差异显著 .土壤速效磷、速效氮、全N对微生物的分布有较大的直接作用 ,通径系数为 1 .0 1～ 2 .58.速效磷 速效钾、有机质 速效钾、速效氮 速效钾、速效氮 效磷速、有机质 速效磷、速效磷 速效氮、全N 速效钾、速效钾 速效磷、全N 速效磷和含水量 速效氮之间的间接作用对微生物影响较明显 ,作用系数为 1 .37～ 2 .58。Studies on the distribution of soil microorganisms in the artificial greenbelt in hinterland of Takilimakan Desert and the effects of soil features on the distribution showed that under saline water irrigation, the activities of soil microorganisms increased sharply, and the soil structure and nutrient status were improved. Among soil microorganisms, bacteria were predominant, actinomyces were the next, and fungi were the least. There were more microorganisms in upper than in deeper soil layers. Soil microorganisms near shelter forest had a higher activity, and their quantities over 3m from shelter forest were almost equal to those in shifting sand. The quantities of soil microorganisms varied with seasons, and there were distinct differences among different sites of forests. Among the measured 11 soil factors, the interactions between pairs of soil available phosphorus available potassium, organic matter available potassium, available nitrogen available potassium, available nitrogen available phosphorus, organic matter available phosphorus, available phosphorus available nitrogen, total nitrogen available potassium, available potassium available phosphorus, total nitrogen available phosphorus, and water contents available nitrogen were significant, with the correlation coefficients of 1.37～2.58. The direct effects of available phosphorus, available nitrogen, and total nitrogen on the microbial quantity were significant, with the coefficient of 1.01～2.58.

关 键 词：塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地 土壤微生物 土壤因子 咸水灌溉 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]