无皂高分子胶乳粒子的组成、单分散性和稳定性  

The Constitution,Monodispersity and Stability of the Soapless Macromolecule Particles

作　　者：罗时忠[1] 张凤美[2] 唐业仓[1] 傅中[1] 孙益民[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学化学与材料科学学院,芜湖241000 [2]安徽师范大学环境科学学院,芜湖241000

出　　处：《物理化学学报》2003年第8期774-778,共5页Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(29773001);安徽省教育厅基金(99JL0077);安徽师范大学青年科学基金(2002xqn44)~~

摘　　要：分别用控压微波辐照法、常压微波辐照法和常压水浴合成法制备出无皂聚苯乙烯胶乳粒子.运用静态激光光散射和动态激光光散射对粒子的表观分子量及其粒径大小与分布进行了表征.结果表明,微波辐照加热法对于形成小尺寸、单分散的胶乳粒子起着很重要的作用.通过凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)测定聚合产物的分子量,并结合Zimm作图法,计算出胶乳粒子所含高分子链的数目.发现由控压微波辐照法所得到的聚苯乙烯胶乳粒子的表观分子量最大,而且粒子的分散性并不是由聚合物高分子链的分散性直接决定的.在微波辐照下的无皂乳液聚合,虽然聚合物的高分子链大小不一,但它们在乳液中缠结在一起而形成的胶乳粒子却具有单分散性.通过对均聚和共聚乳液进行静置考察,发现无皂高分子胶乳粒子的稳定性与制备方法、共聚单体的结构及性质有着密切的关系.The soapless polystyrene (PSt) latex particles were prepared by using microwave irradiation in a closed reactor under controlled pressure, microwave irradiation and water bathing under normal pressure, respectively. The apparent molecular weight of the particles and their sizes and distribution were characterized by using static laser light scattering (SLLS) and dynamic laser light scattering (DLLS). It was found that microwave irradiation has important effect on the formation of the small size and monodisperse particles. The average numbers of the polymer chain in the PSt particles were calculated by the combination of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and Zimm plot. The molecular weight of the PSt particles prepared by microwave irradiation under controlled pressure was bigger than that prepared by other ways. The results showed that the dispersity of the particles was not determined by the dispersity of the polymer chain directly. In the soapless emulsion polymerization under microwave irradiation, the latex particles composed of the intertwined polymer chain showed a good monodispersivity, although the polymer chains were not distributed uniformly. In studies of the aging of the homopolymerization and the copolymerization of emulsion, it was also found that the stability of the soapless polymer particles has an intimate relationship with the method of preparation, the structure and quality of the comonomer.

关 键 词：无皂胶乳 高分子胶乳 粒子 组成 单分散性 稳定性 聚苯乙烯 微波辐射 激光光散射 乳液聚合 

分 类 号：O648[理学—物理化学]