新疆雪冰水资源的环境评估  

Assessment on the Glacial Water Resources in Xinjiang, China

作　　者：胡汝骥[1] 姜逢清[1] 王亚俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2003年第3期187-191,共5页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G19990 43 5 0 1);中国科新疆生态与地理所所长基金资助

摘　　要：新疆是世界上唯一环绕沙漠 ,戈壁荒漠分布着大量山岳冰川的特别地区。境内有现代冰川 184 99条 ,冰川面积 2 5 342km2 ,冰储量 2 6 831.1× 10 8m3 。冰川面积占全国冰川总面积的 4 2 .7% ,占西北地区冰川总面积的91.4 % ,是世界中纬度地带山岳冰川最多的地区。新疆山岳冰川具有拦截和凝结外来水汽与内循环系统中的水汽 ,增加山地降水的作用。它是干旱山地生态系统与环境的忠实“捍卫者” ,更是新疆水资源的重要组成部分 ,具有稳定河川径流的调节作用。随着新疆气候 2 0世纪 80年代中后期出现由暖干向暖湿转变 ,特别以天山西部最为典型和明显 ,这就为新疆山地生态系统与环境的良性循环创造了机遇。同时 ,为未来冰川生命的健康发展 ,提供了物质基础和环境条件。因此 ,不必为其消失而担忧。Xinjiang is a unique region with sand deserts and Gobi deserts and surrounded by high mountains where many modern glaciers are distributed. In Xinjiang there are 18 499 modern glaciers, their area is 25 342 km 2 and occupies 42.7% and 91.4% of the total glacier areas in China and in northwest China respectively, the total ice storage capacity is 2.68×10 12 m 3, and Xinjiang is the region with the most mountain glaciers in the middle latitudes in the world. The mountain glaciers in Xinjiang play an important role in catching and condensing vapor from other regions and within the local water circle system and in increasing the mountainous precipitation. The modern glaciers are the water sources for maintaining the mountainous ecosystems and environment in this arid area and the important component part of water resources in Xinjiang, and they play an important role in regulating and stabilizing the runoff of the rivers. The existence and development of modern glaciers are closely related to the climate change, local geographical environment, ecosystems, etc. The climate in Xinjiang has changed from warming drying type to warming wetting type since the 1980's, especially in the western part of the Tianshan Mountains, which provides an opportunity for the mountainous ecosystems and environment developing towards a virtuous circle. Meanwhile, the warming wetting climate change provides the material base and the environment conditions for the development of modern glaciers in Xinjiang. In this paper, the modern glacier resources in Xinjiang are assessed, and their future is discussed.

关 键 词：新疆 雪冰水资源 环境评估 山地生态系统 山地生态环境 冰川资源 气候转型 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]