阿拉善荒漠区一年生植物层片物种多样性及其分布特征  

Specific diversity and distribution characteristics of annual synusia in Alashan desert

作　　者：梁存柱[1] 刘钟龄[2] 朱宗元[2] 王炜[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学草地研究所国家草地生态工程实验室,长春130024 [2]内蒙古大学生态与环境科学系,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2003年第6期897-903,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 973 0 10 0 )

摘　　要：一年生植物层片是阿拉善荒漠区荒漠与绿洲生态系统的恒有植物层片 ,对荒漠生态系统的稳定和当地畜牧业的生产都有重要作用 .对该层片的物种多样性及其在群落中的分布特征分析表明 ,荒漠与绿洲生态系统中 ,一年生植物层片植物种有 12科 35属 6 1种 ,可归为一年生小禾草、一年生猪毛菜、一年生蒿类和一年生杂类草 4个类群 ,并可划分成 12种区系地理成分 ,其中有 10个阿拉善或近阿拉善特有种 .一年生植物层片广泛分布于土质、沙砾质、沙质、砾质、石质、盐土荒漠及各种类型的绿洲群落中 ,常一种或几种组成层片 ,均匀或斑块状分布 ,或沿水线分布 .此外 ,还分析和评价了一年生植物层片在群落中的分布差异。Alashan desert, sited in the east of Asia desert, is a special vegetation geography area in Asia desert region. Its geographic range is from west Ordos (108°E) to west Ejina (98°E), and from Gobi Altai Mountain in Mongolia (43°N) to Hexi Corridor (37°～39°N).The annual plants grow well, and are constant synusiae that act on important function in keeping the stabilization of desert ecosystem in Alashan desert. Moreover, the annual synusiae may take on heavy responsibilities in local animal husbandry production. The specific diversity and distribution characteristics of annual synusiae are discussed in the paper. Based on our observation and research in many years, 61 species of annual plants, which could be divided into 4 types of annual short grass, annual Salsola , annual Artemisia and annual weeds,are discovered in Alanshan desert. They belong to 12 families and 35 genera, and could be divided into 12 areal types, and 10 species of them were endemic to Alashan. The annual plants grow widely on clayey deserts, sandy deserts, gritty deserts, gravelly deserts rocky deserts and oasis. In general, one or several plant species form summer rain synusiae, and form a homogeneous or patchy distribution pattern in desert communities. Sometimes, some plant species distribute along runoff line, and form a dendritic or line pattern. The ecological adaptation and function were also discussed in the paper.

关 键 词：阿拉善荒漠 一年生植物层片 物种多样性 分布 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]