影响稻飞虱迁飞规律的气象环境成因  

Causes of meteorological environment influencing on migration of rice planthopper

作　　者：侯婷婷[1] 霍治国[1] 李世奎[1] 卢志光[2] 叶彩玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2003年第3期142-148,共7页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2001BA509B01)

摘　　要：稻飞虱的迁飞与气象环境因素的关系十分密切。对与稻飞虱的迁飞规律相关的国内外研究成果进行了归纳总结,综合评述了气候条件对中国稻飞虱迁飞规律的影响。稻飞虱绝大部分集中在黄昏时分起飞,90.5％的稻飞虱集中在黄昏日落前20分钟内起飞,地面温度达25℃时起飞频繁。温度的空间分布决定了稻飞虱可以迁飞的空间区域,迁飞的上限高度为15℃等温线,稻飞虱空中群集的最适宜温度为17℃左右,且在最大风速层中迁飞,高湿度有利于其迁飞。迁入时期的强下沉气流及降雨可迫使稻飞虱大量降落。空中的风速是稻飞虱迁飞的动力速度。在我国,西南风和东北风对稻飞虱的南北迁飞起运载作用,副热带高压在我国境内的北进南退,是稻飞虱完成一次往返迁飞的动力。我国稻飞虱发生较重的年份大多出现在3～5月副高较强的年份。气候变暖、海温异常等大尺度气象因子主要通过影响大范围的气候环境来间接影响稻飞虱的发生与消长。The relation between the migration of rice planthopper(RPH) and the meteorological factors is quite close. On the basis of the fruit of the migratory principles of RPH in China and abroad, this article analyzes the effect of the meteorological factors on the migration procession. RPH in a very great measure take wing at dusk, and a percentage of 90. 5 concentrate on the time scale that is the twenty minutes before sundown in the dusk, and fre- quently do when the ground temperature reach 25℃. The spatial distribution of the temperature determines the feasi- ble dimensional-area of the migration of RPH, and the upper-limit altitude is about 15℃ isotherm, RPH group in the optimum-temperature(ahout 17℃) and maximum-wind-level layer, and the strong humidity environment is of benefit to the migration. During the immigration period, the strong sinking-flow or rainfall enforces RPH to land largely. The aerial wind-speed is the power of the migration of RPH. In China, the southwester and northeaster op- erate the transportation in the yearly migration procession, the subtropical high is the power of the trip migration of RPH, going forward and falling back in China, and moreover the outbreak of RPH appears when the subtropical high of Mar. -May is stronger. The large-scale-meteorological factors, such as the warming of climate and the ab- normity of the sea temperature etc., in largely, influences indirecily the occurrence of RPH by influencing the large-scope climate.

关 键 词：稻飞虱 迁飞 气象环境 中国 

分 类 号：S435.112.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]