大港减渣窄馏分族组成及结构参数  

Group Composition and Structural Parameters of Dagang Vacuum Residue's Narrow Fractions

作　　者：刘以红[1] 罗运华[1] 

机构地区：[1]石油大学华东重质油研究所,山东东营257061

出　　处：《石油化工高等学校学报》2003年第3期42-46,共5页Journal of Petrochemical Universities

摘　　要：　石油渣油的组成复杂,其合理利用应以充分了解其性质结构为基础。采用超临界流体精密分离(SCF)的方法,将大港渣油分离为11个窄馏分,通过对窄馏分的组成分布、化学结构研究,探讨渣油溶剂脱沥青的最佳方案。结果表明:随窄馏分收率的提高,饱和分逐渐降低,芳香分和胶质逐渐增加,当窄馏分的收率达50%以后,这种变化趋势加快。残炭和重金属的分布规律相似,收率达50%以后增加幅度变大。对各窄馏分平均分子结构参数的研究表明,平均分子中的总碳数和总环数的分布随收率的增大而增加,说明超临界流体对各组分的溶解是由非极性至极性、由小分子至大分子、由少环至多环和稠环的顺序进行的,这与各窄馏分的平均分子质量分布及碳氢原子比分布的规律一致。因此,若溶剂脱沥青以获得重油催化裂化原料为目的时,则适宜的萃取率应在46%～50%左右,此时的DAO不但具有较高的裂解活性,且残炭质量分数仅为2.65%,重金属质量分数为3.48μg/g,符合重油催化裂化对进料的要求。Due to its composition complexity, the rational application of vacuum residue must be based on the full understanding of its properties and structure. The group composition distribution and chemical structure of 11 subfractions separated from Dagang residue by supercritical fluid (SCF) fractionation process were investigated. The experimental results show that when the total yield of the subfraction increases, the saturation decreases, while the aromatics and the resins content increase, as well as the CR and heavy metal content. This tendency rapidly goes up as the accumulating yield reaches up to 50%. After studying the parameters of the molecular structure of the subfractions, it is shown that the distribution of total carbon and ring number of average molecule increase as the fraction yield rises. Also, it is demonstrated that as for the composition of the residue, the order of solubility of super critical fluid are from non-polar to polar; lower to higher molecule compounds and few rings to polycyclic compounds. This rule accords well with the distribution of molecular weight and H/C ratio of the subfractions. Therefore, if we use the narrow fractions as FCC feed stock, the feasible yield shall be between 46%～50%, for this feed has higher cracking activity, lower CR value (2.65%) and heavy metals (3.48 μg/g). The quality of the stock can fully meet the requirements of RCC feedstock.

关 键 词：石油渣油 超临界流体精密分离 渣油分离 窄馏分 组成分析 结构参数 脱沥青油 

分 类 号：TE622.1[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]