黄土丘陵区山桃灌木林地土壤水分过耗与调控恢复  

EXCESSIVE DEPLETION OF SOIL WATER AND REGULATION AND RESTORATION OF SOIL WATER REGIME IN LOESS HILLY REGION UNDER PRUNUS DAVIDIANA VEGETATION

作　　者：程积民[1] 万惠娥[1] 王静[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,西北农林科技大学陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《土壤学报》2003年第5期691-696,共6页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关课题 ( 2 0 0 1BA5 0 8B1 9);国家"973"项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 1 860 6);中国科学院知识创新工程重大研究项目 (KZCX2 -41 1 );中国科技部公益性研究专项 ( 2 0 0 1 -82 )资助

摘　　要：在黄土丘陵区的荒山荒坡采用工程整地措施 ,进行灌草合理布局与立体配置。研究结果表明 :山桃灌木林生长到第 4年 ,根系的分布深度达 3 2 0～ 3 60cm ,0～ 5 0 0cm土壤含水量比造林前降低了2 1～ 3 3个百分点 ,土壤干层厚度为 1 5 0cm ;生长到第 8年 ,根系的分布深度达 480cm以上 ,土壤干层由第4年 1 5 0cm扩大到 3 0 0cm ,含水量最低为 4 2 % ,最高为 8 4% ;生长的第 1 2年土壤干层明显 ,尤其是 5 0～40 0cm土壤含水量最低为 5 0 % ,最高为 8 6% ,土壤干层厚度达 3 5 0cm ;生长的第 1 6年土壤干层的分布深度在 5 0～ 3 5 0cm ,土壤含水量最低为 4 3 % ,最高为 6 6% ,土壤干层厚度达 3 0 0cm。但通过水平阶、水平沟和鱼鳞坑整地调控 ,0～ 1 0 0cm土壤含水量分别比荒山提高 0 7～ 6 3个百分点 ;1 0 0～ 3 0 0cm提高 0 6～ 4 6个百分点 ;3 0 0～ 5 0 0cm提高 1 4～ 4 6个百分点 ,这充分表明采用合理的整地措施造林 ,土壤水分调控效果显著。Engineering measures,and reasonable and stereoscopic collocation of shrub-grass vegetation were performed over on large tracts of barren hills and slopes. The results showed that in the forth growth year,the root system of Prunus davidiana reached 320～360 cm deep,soil water content in the soil layer 0～500 cm deep decreased by 2.1%～3.3% compared to that before reforestation and the thickness of dry soil layer was 150 cm. And in the eighth growing year,the roots distributed as deep as 480 cm,the dry-layer reached 300 cm in thickness,the lowest and highest soil water content was 4.2% and 8.4% respectively. And in the twelfth year,the dry soil layer became very distinct,reaching 350 cm in thickness,and,especially in the 50～400 cm soil layer,the lowest and highest soil water content was 5.0% and 8.6%,respectively. While in the sixteenth year,the dry soil layer distributed in the depth of 50～350 cm,and its thickness was 300 cm,with the lowest and highest soil water content reaching 4.3% and 6.6%,respectively. But by building leveled terrace fields,contour ditches and fish-scale pits,soil water content increased by 0.7%～6.3% in the depth of 0～100 cm,0.6%～4.6% in 100～300 cm and 1.4%～4.6% in 300～500 cm compared to that in the barren hill,respectively. It showed that applying reasonable combined measures plus afforestation could regulate soil moisture region with significant effect.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵区 山桃灌木林地 土壤水分 水分调控 立体配置 根系 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S662.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]