广东省豆科植物结瘤固氮及根瘤菌资源的初步研究  

Nodulation and the rhizobial resources of legumes in Guangdong Province: a preliminary study

作　　者：周丽霞[1] 蚁伟民[1] 丁明懋[1] 陈炳辉[1] 曹洪麟[1] 易志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州510650

出　　处：《生物多样性》2003年第4期309-321,共13页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 ( 39730 0 10 );中国科学院知识创新工程项目 (KZCX2 40 7)

摘　　要：于 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年在广东省境内 5 4个县 (市、区 )进行了豆科植物结瘤固氮资源的调查及根瘤菌的采集工作。共采集到豆科植物根瘤样品 484份 ,隶属于 3 7属 78种 ;根瘤的形状以圆形、椭圆形、珊瑚状和姜状居多 ,大小一般在 1～ 10mm之间 ,颜色多为淡红色或黄色。用乙炔还原法对 2 4种 93份根瘤样品进行了固氮酶活性测定 ,结果表明 ,大多数样品的固氮酶活性在 1～ 10 μmolC2 H4 ·g-1freshnodule·h-1之间。从采集到的根瘤中分离纯化出 410株根瘤菌 ,对其中 3 12株进行了回接试验 ,回接成功率为 93 .3 %。调查发现广东省现有栽培豆科作物种类与《广州植物志》的记载相似 ,所以本研究在豆科栽培作物方面有一定的代表性。在调查采集到根瘤的豆科植物中 ,三尖叶猪屎豆 (Crotalariamicans)、毛排钱草 (Phyllodiumelegans)、细长柄山蚂蝗 (Podorcarpiumleptopus)The nodulation and nitrogen-fixing resources of legumes from 54 counties (or towns) of Guangdong Province were investigated, and the corresponding rhizobia were isolated and collected. The investigation on nodulation and rhizobial collection for leguminous crops was representative of Guangdong because a widespread area was investigated within the province (from 110°54′ to 117°11′E and from 21°04′to 24°52′N). However, the investigation for wild leguminous plants was not complete due to their scattered distribution in the field and the restricted time. In total, 484 nodule samples were collected, belonging to 78 species and 37 genera, of which those of Crotalaria micans, Phyllodium elegans and Podorcarpium leptopus have not been previously reported. All of the nodule samples were collected from the natural nodulation legumes without inoculation with rhizobia, and two-thirds of the nodulated legumes originated from or are distributed in China, such as Albizia turgida, Archidendron (Pithecellobium) clypearia, Erythrophleum fordii, Ormosia glaberrima, Desmodium reticulatum, Phyllodium elegans, Podorcarpium leptopus, Millettia dielsiana, Mucuna birdwoodiana, and Kummerowia striata. The species Mimosa sepiaria, Crotalaria pallida, Sesbania cannabina, Acacia confuse, Acacia auriculiformis (all perennial legumes), Glycine max, Arachis hypogaea, Vigna rabiata, Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis, and Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica (all annual leguminous crops) were widely distributed in Guangdong Province. Their nodules were round, ellipse or coralloid in shape and pink or yellow in color, with sizes ranging from 1 to 10 mm in length. The nitrogenase activity of 24 species was determined using acetylene reduction method, and it ranged from 1 to 10 μmol C 2H 4·g -1 fresh nodule·h -1. High nitrogenase activities were found among leguminous crops in the nodule sample of Glycine soja (21.29 ～ 46.76 μmol C 2H 4·g -1 fresh nodule·h -1) and among wild legumes in Codariocalyx gyroides

关 键 词：广东省 豆科植物 固氮 根瘤菌 固氮酶活性 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]