有压闸室通气孔布置优化研究  

Optimization Arrangement of Air Vent Pipe in Pressure Gate Chamber

作　　者：李昕[1] 张建民[1] 彭勇[1] 李君宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2017年第5期120-123,163,共5页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51579165)

摘　　要：有压闸室设置通气孔能够改善闸门启闭过程中的流态、脉动压力和启闭力特性,但同时可能带来通气孔下游附近的空蚀空化问题和通气孔内风速过大问题。利用1∶35水力学物理模型,针对4种通气孔布置形式的风速和空化特性开展了常压和减压模型试验。结果表明,通气孔断面面积越小,孔内风速越大;设置2个通气孔时,通气孔直径从1.2m减小到0.8m,能使空化噪声相对能量降低65%;在排沙洞出口段设置10m长圆管段后,能将空化噪声相对能量降低61.5%;排沙洞出口的跌坎高度对通气孔的空化特性影响不大。该结果对类似工程具有重要参考意义。The air vent pipe at the pressure gate chamber can dramatically improve flow pattern,fluctuation pressure and characteristics of hoisting force during the open-close process of sluice gate.However,it brings cavitation problem in the vicinity of the vent,and ultra-speed wind problem in vent.By using 1∶35hydrodynamic model,the ordinary pressure and decompression model tests were carried out for study of the wind speed and cavitation characteristics under four layout forms of air vent pipe.The results show that the wind speed of the vent increases with decreasing of the vent's sectional area;when setting two vents and the diameter of vent decreases from 1.2 mto 0.8 m,the relative energy of cavitation noise is reduced by 65%;after setting the 10 mlength of circular tunnel in the outlet section of spillway tunnel,the relative energy of cavitation noise can be reduced by 61.5%;the height of hydraulic jump in the outlet of desilting orifice has little impact on the cavitation characteristics of the vents.The results have an important reference for optimization design of similar projects.

关 键 词：有压闸室 通气孔 减压试验 空化 空化噪声 

分 类 号：TV65[水利工程—水利水电工程]