多相混输管线中的水合物抑制研究现状  

STUDY OF HYDRATE INHIBITION IN MULTI-PHASE PIPELINES

作　　者：孙长宇[1] 陈光进[1] 郭天民[1] 

机构地区：[1]石油大学

出　　处：《天然气工业》2003年第5期105-108,共4页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家 973项目 (2 0 0 1CB2 0 910 7);国家 86 3项目 (2 0 0 2AA6 15 12 0 )资助课题

摘　　要：在高压、低温环境下 ,多相混输管线中容易发生水合物堵塞问题。管线越长 ,问题越大。对海上油气田开发中广泛使用的多相混输管线 ,必须有效、经济地防止管线中水合物的生成 ,从而确保混相输送管线的正常运行。文章概述了四种传统的解决方法 :输送前去除油气中的水 ;管线加热技术 ;降压控制技术 ;使用热力学抑制剂。针对以上传统方法在经济上或技术上的缺点 ,介绍了添加动态抑制剂和防聚剂两种新型水合物抑制方法 ,并叙述了添加剂的抑制机理、种类和研究现状。水合物动态抑制剂的工业使用依赖于实验室、小试和现场多相混输管线实验结果的可重复性 ,以及在不同装置上的可移植性。实验发现 ,动态抑制剂比热力学抑制剂具有更好的经济性 ,某些动态抑制剂已经应用于现场油气生产与输送过程。建立可靠的水合物成核、生长和抑制微观机理模型 ,实验模拟多相混输条件 ,开发和筛选价格更低廉、性能更优良的动力学抑制剂 。Hydrate blockage may occur in multi-phase pipelines under high pressure and low temperature conditions. The longer the pipeline is, the more serious the problem is. For the multi-phase pipelines widely used in the development of off-shore oil and gas fields, the hydrate forming in the pipelines should be prevented effectively and economically to guarantee the pipelines running normally. The article summarizes 4 traditional ways to solve the problems. They are: 1 removing water from oil and gas before transmission; 2 heating the pipelines; 3 keeping the pressure below the hydrate forming point; 4 using the thermodynamic inhibitor. Aiming to the economic and technical disadvantages of the traditional ways, the article introduces 2 new ways to inhibit hydrate forming by adding the kinetic inhibitors and anti-agglomerates, and describes the inhibiting mechanism, the types and the researching statuesque of the additives. The industrial application of hydrate kinetic inhibitors depends on the repeatability of multi-phase pipeline testing results among laboratory, pilot plant and field, and the transferability among different plants. Establishing the micro-mechanism model of hydrate nucleation, growth and inhibition, simulating the multi-phase flow conditions, and selecting the kinetic inhibitors with low cost and good performance is the major targets of researching work in the future.

关 键 词：多相混输管线 水合物 抑制剂 防聚剂 油气管道 

分 类 号：TE832.3[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]