膜下滴灌水氮对不同生育期棉花根系与产量影响  

Effect of Water-Nitrogen on Cotton Yield and Root Characteristics in Different Growth Stage under Mulching Drip Irrigation

作　　者：余炳凤 王海江[1] 侯振安[1] 温鹏飞[1] 张强[1] 朱鹏[1] 吕新[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,石河子832003

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第3期265-269,共5页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2012AA101902)

摘　　要：本研究利用微根管技术研究了膜下滴灌水氮对不同生育时期棉花根系与产量影响,并通过相关分析得出不同生育期棉花根系形态与最终产量的关系。结果表明:各生育期内,不同水氮处理对根长密度和根表面积指数影响表现类似的趋势,表现为随生育期先增后降。无论施氮量如何,灌水量增加,平均根长密度、根表面积指数均显著下降。水分胁迫时,施氮对平均根长密度的影响不明显,根表面积有降低的趋势。正常灌水时,施氮量增加,根长密度、根表面积指数显著降低,籽棉产量以中氮水平最高。通过相关性分析可知,籽棉产量与各生育期根长密度和根表面积指数显著负相关,最大相关系数分别出现在盛花期和盛铃期为r=-790(P=0.011,n=27),r=-772(P=0.015,n=27)。通过回归分析可知,盛花期根长密度对籽棉产量影响最大,决定了产量的62.5%;盛铃期根表面积指数对籽棉产量影响最大,决定了产量的59.7%。结论:在水氮供应良好的条件下,在棉花花铃期适度的减小根长密度、根表面积指数,有利于增产。The effect of water- nitrogen on yield and root morphological characteristics was documented in different cotton growth stage by minirhizotron technique method,and the relationship of root morphological parameters and yield was analyzed.The results indicate that root length density and root area index significantly decreased with irrigation amount but had nothing with nitrogen application.Under the condition of water stress,the root length density and root area index decreased with nitrogen application,but not obvious.In the condition of normal water irrigation amount, the root length density and root area index significantly deceased,and cotton yield was highest with moderate nitrogen application.However,there presented a similar change trend of different water and nitrogen treatment on root length density and root area index,which firstly increased and decreased then in the whole growth period,and had the maximum value at peak- bolling stage.Cotton yield showed a significantly negative correlation with root length density and root area index in the whole cotton growth stage.The maximum value of coefficient separately appeared at peak- flowering stage and peak- bolling stage,which was r=- 790(P=0.011,n=27),r=- 772(P=0.015,n=27).The analysis of regression showed that root length density of peak- flowering stage had the maximal influence on yield,which determined 62.5% of yield,while 59.7% of yield was determined by root area index,respectively.These results indicated that cotton yield was significantly influenced by root length density,root area index. So,both the decrease of root length density and root area index were a key measurement to increase cotton yield.

关 键 词：根长密度 根表面积指数 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]