内蒙古典型草原生态安全评估及影响因子分析  

Ecological Security Assessment and Analysis on Influencing Factors in Typical Steppe of Inner Mongolia

作　　者：田美荣[1,2] 李晓兵[1] 李旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学资源学院地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2014年第5期169-173,178,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"内蒙古温带典型草原生态系统服务功能变化与区域生态安全"(41030535);973课题(2014CB138803)

摘　　要：内蒙古典型草原区处于全球变化的敏感区域,是我国重要的生态屏障区,由于地下蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,被列为我国重要能源战略基地。为探讨内蒙古典型草原区经济社会发展对生态安全的影响,研究以阿巴嘎旗为例,在生态足迹理论的基础上,引入生态安全压力指数来判断生态安全状态,并运用主成分分析法评判影响因子的影响大小。结果表明:2001—2010年阿巴嘎生态足迹增长明显,生态承载力变化较小,因此,生态安全压力指数增长趋势明显,增长了近3.5倍,到2010年为生态不安全状态。主要影响因子人均GDP、人均化石能源消耗、工业产值占国内生产总值的比重、单位面积固定资产投资、城市化率与生态安全压力指数呈正相关,万人在校生数、草场载畜量和降雨量与生态安全压力指数呈负相关关系。研究结果可为典型草原区环境管理提供支撑。The typical steppe of Inner Mongolia,which lies within sensitive area of the global change,is the important ecological barrier against sandstorms in China,and is one of the important energy strategies in China for the abundant mineral resources.In order to discuss the influence on the ecological security induced by economic and social development,this paper took Abag County as the research example.The pressure index of the ecological security was introduced on the basis of ecological footprint methodology,aiming at assessing the state of ecological security as well as the magnitude of each influencing factor by the principal component analysis(PCA).The results showed that the pressure index of ecological security had grown up nearly 3.5times higher with the obvious increase of ecological footprint and small change of biocapacity from2001 to 2010;which led to a state of unsafe in terms of ecological security in Abag County in 2010.The principle influencing factors such as the per capita GDP,the per capita fossil energy consumption,the proportion industrial output value taking up total output value of production,fixed asset investment and urbanization rate are positively correlated to pressure index of ecological safety,meanwhile,the number students of ten thousand and pasture grazing capacity and precipitation showed a negative correlation.The results could be beneficial for providing the local government the references on typical steppe ecological management.

关 键 词：典型草原 生态足迹 生态安全 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]