1960-2012年我国夏季降水的时空分布特征  

The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of summer precipitation in China from 1960 to 2012

作　　者：殷方圆[1] 殷淑燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第3期74-79,共6页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41471071;41271108;41371029);教育部博士点基金优先发展领域项目(20110202130002);中央高校基本科研业务费创新团队项目(GK201301003)

摘　　要：基于1960—2012年我国8个区域310个站点的夏季逐月降水数据,采用趋势特征指数、M-K检验和空间差值等方法,分析我国夏季降水的时空分布特征。研究发现:从时空分布看,1960—2012年,长江中下游、华南、西北地区和青藏高原地区夏季降水量呈上升趋势,其中,长江中下游和西北西部地区夏季降水量显著增加,两个地区均在1990年代夏季降水量增加最多;东北、华北和西南地区夏季降水量呈下降趋势,从东北到西南一线,夏季降水出现了一条明显的倾向率负值带,其中,东北和华北地区夏季降水量减少最显著,东北地区夏季降水量在2000—2010年减少最多,华北地区在1980年代减少最多;区域内部安徽省夏季降水量增加最多,山东省、河北省、山西省、云南省和四川省夏季降水量减少最明显。长江中下游和西北西部地区夏季降水量变化达到突变水平,突变点分别发生在1986年和1989年,均表现为降水量由少到多的变化。长江中下游和华南地区夏季降水量增多,华北和东北地区夏季降水量减少可能是东南夏季风减弱造成的;西南地区夏季降水量减少可能与西南季风减弱有关,西风气流对流活动加强可能是造成中国西北地区夏季降水量增多的重要原因;青藏高原地形复杂,降水量受地形的影响较大。Based on the summer monthly precipitation data of 310 stations from 1960 to 2012 in 8 regions of China,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of summer precipitation are analyzed by trend features index,Mann-Kendall mutation testing and spatial interpolation.Results show that in spatial and temporal,the summer precipitation of the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River,south China,northwest China and Tibetan Plateau showed an increasing trend.The summer precipitation of the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the west of northwest China showed a remarkable increasing trend and the summer precipitation of the two regions increased most in 1990s.The summer precipitation of northeast China,north China,Tibetan and southwest China showed a decreasing trend and the summer precipitation of northeast China and north China showed a remarkable decreasing trend and it decreased mostfrom 2000 to 2012in northeast China and it decreased most in 1980 sin north China.The summer precipitation increased most in Anhui province.It increased least in Shandong,Hebei,Shanxi,Yunnan and Sichuan province.The summer precipitation variation of the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the west of northwest China reached to the level of mutations.The abrupt points were 1986 and 1989.The summer precipitation showed the variation from the less to the more.The weakening of southeast summer monsoon may have an important role in the process of summer precipitation reducing in north China,northeast China and in the process of summer precipitation increasing in the Yangtze River and south China.The summer precipitation reduction of southwest China was related to the weakening of southwest summer monsoon.The strengthening of westerlies convective activity may have a leading effect on the process of summer precipitation increasing in northwest China.The terrain of Tibetan Plateau is complex and the summer precipitation of Tibetan Plateau is mainly influenced by the terrain.

关 键 词：夏季降水 突变检验 区域差异 夏季风 西风气流 

分 类 号：P468.024[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]