土壤水分条件对温室黄瓜需水规律和水分利用的影响  

Effect of soil moisture on water requirement rule and water use efficiency of cucumber in greenhouse

作　　者：何华[1] 杜社妮[1] 梁银丽[1] 张成娥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2003年第8期1372-1376,共5页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院"知识创新"工程重大项目(KZCX1-06-02);"863"项目子课题(2001AA242101)

摘　　要：在日光温室盆栽条件下,以不同生育时期为试验因素,采用正交设计研究了不同土壤水分条件在开花期、初瓜期、盛瓜期和生育后期等生育时期对黄瓜蒸腾量、生物量和水分利用效率的影响,并通过黄瓜的需水规律提出实现高产高效的土壤水分对策。研究结果表明:(1)黄瓜对水分的需求基本上呈现为开花期和初瓜期小、盛瓜期大、后期小的规律。需水高峰出现在盛瓜期,需水强度达到3.977mm/d;(2)开花期蒸腾速率为0.544mm/d。此时保持土壤含水量在80%～90%田间持水量范围内,不仅有利于水分的利用,而且可促进同化产物在根冠之间的合理分配;(3)初瓜期对水分的需求大幅度增加,蒸腾速率达到1.956mm/d。80%～90%田间持水量的含水量更有利于果实的形成和生长;(4)盛瓜期对水分的需求也达到了整个生育时期的顶峰,蒸腾速率达到3.83mm/d。90%～100%田间持水量的土壤水分条件可以获得最高产量,并实现水分利用与产量的高效统一;(5)生长后期保持70%～80%田间持水量的土壤含水量即可满足生长对水分的需求;(6)在开花期控制土壤水分为80%～90%田间持水量、初瓜期保持为80%～90%田间持水量、盛瓜期提高为90%～100%田间持水量和后期降至70%～80%田间持水量的土壤水分处理,不仅可获得最高产量,而且可以达到最大的水分利用效率。In a greenhouse,the experiment was conducted on the effect of different soil moistures on the Ts,biomass and WUE of cucumber during 4 stages:florescent stage,earlyfruit stage,fruit stage and latefruit stage.And the best soil moisture arrangement was gained through the rules of cucumbers need for water.The results shows:(1) the rules of cucumbers requirement for water were generally as follow:fewer water were needed during florescent stage,earlyfruit stage and latefruit stage while the greatest water was needed during fruit stage,whichs Ts reached 3.977 mm/d;(2) the average Ts during florescence was 0.544 mm/d,and the soil moisture of 80%~90% field water capacity was not only beneficial for water use but also improved the reasonable distribution of dry matter between roots and shoots;(3) the Ts greatly increased in earlyfruit stage,which arrived 1.956 mm/d averagely,and the soil moisture of 80%~90% field water capacity was suitable to the information and growth of fruits;(4) Ts in fruit stage reached the climax,which increased to 3.83 mm/d averagely,and the highest yield was gained when soil moisture was 90%~100% field water capacity,also highest WUE was realized in the same soil moisture;(5) the soil moisture of 70%~80% field water capacity could satisfy the need of the growth of cucumber in latefruit stage;(6) it could not only gain the highest yield but also the highest WUE when soil moisture was 80%~90% field water capacity in florescent stage,80%~90% field water capacity in earlyfruit stage,90%~100% field water capacity in fruit stage and 70%~80% field water capacity in latefruit stage,which realized the agreement of high yield and economically efficient water use.

关 键 词：黄瓜 蒸腾量 生物量 水分利用 

分 类 号：Q945.17[生物学—植物学] S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]