山前冲积扇河流变态动床模型与比降变态  

Distortion Movable-bed Model of River on Piedmont Alluvial Fan and Slope Distortion

作　　者：陈立[1] 崔承章[1] 谢葆玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2003年第4期41-45,共5页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 ( 5 0 0 790 18) ;博士点基金项目 ;霍英东青年教师基金项目 ( 710 70 )资助

摘　　要：山前冲积扇河流通常宽浅、比降大 ,且河床粗糙 ,阻力大。其动床模型中根据起动相似选定的模型沙往往难以满足糙率相似的要求 ,此时应该采用比降变缓的比降变态方法使阻力达到相似。即根据起动相似和模型糙率相似确定比降的比尺 ,模型比降变态的变率系数与几何变率、起动流速系数比尺、沙粒糙率系数比尺和有效重力比尺有关。将比降变态方法应用于南水北调工程穿沙河段的动床模型 ,实验结果表明 。Due to the magnificent roughness and its wide\|shallow character, distortion movable model has been applied to predict the deformation of the riverbed. Usually, the chosen model sediment particles based on the request of bed load incipient motion similarity cannot fit the flow resistance similarity. Therefore, the slope distortion must be adopted to deal with this problem. In this paper, based on the relationship between the roughness scale and the velocity scale, the relationship between the slope distortion ratio and geometric distortion ratio of the movable-bed model has been derived. The slope distortion can be used to adjust the relationship of resistance similarity if the river is shallow, wide enough, and relative straight. The method of slope distortion has been applied to the Shahe River across which the Project of Transferring Water from South to North will go. Based on flume experiments and the field data, the distortion ratio of slope has been determined and the model experiment has verified the similarity of resistance and roughness.

关 键 词：模型变率 冲积扇 动床模型 阻力相似 比降变态 

分 类 号：TV131.6[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]