青藏高原对我国热带气候及橡胶树种植的影响  

THE IMPACTS OF TIBETAN PLATEAU ON THE CLIMATE OF TROPICAL CHINA AND ON THE CULTIVATION OF RUBBER TREE

作　　者：江爱良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《热带地理》2003年第3期199-203,共5页Tropical Geography

摘　　要：影响我国橡胶树存活以及产胶量的主要自然因素为寒潮低温与台风的强风。这些都与青藏高原的动力和热力作用有关:1 高原促进并加强寒潮爆发南下,使得我国热带冬季低温比同纬度地区较低。2 高原对于我国热带西部起着屏障寒潮减缓降温,而对于热带东部则起着漏斗狭管效应而加剧了降温。3 冬季高原的动力作用,在热带东部形成上升气流,在热带西部形成下沉气流,因而东部多阴雨天而西部多睛天。4 夏季的季风雨保证了橡胶树生长的需要,而冬季少雨尤其是西部少雨而多日照,有利于橡胶树的越冬,并有利于抑制某些病害。5 滇中、滇东的横断山脉可看成是青藏高原的余脉,它们连同桂西南、桂南的诸山可以有效阻滞台风的西侵,因而我国热带西部是不受台风影响的植胶区。The main natural factors influencing the survival of rubber trees in Tropical China are the low temperature of cold wave and the strong wind of typhoon. Both these two factors are related to the dynamic and thermal effects of Tibetan Plateau: 1) As the Tibetan Plateau plays an important role in initiating and enhancing the outbreaks of cold wave, the low temperature in Tropical China is much lower than that in other places at the same latitude in the world. 2) The Plateau can shelter the western part of Tropical China from the cold wave invasion and alleviate the temperature drop, but it also plays the role of funnel effect to aggravate the temperature drop caused by cold wave in the eastern part of Tropical China. 3) Owing to the dynamic effect of the Plateau, there is a descending motion of air that results in more sunny days in winter in the western part of Tropical China, whereas there is an ascending motion of air that results in more overcast and rainy days in winter in the eastern part of Tropical China. 4) The plenty rainfall in Tropical China in summer provides sufficient water for the growth of rubber trees, while less rain and rich sunshine in winter are beneficial to the overwinter of the trees, and also good for depressing some diseases to rubber trees. 5) The Hengduan Mountain Ranges in the middle and eastern parts of Yunnan Province together with the mountains in the western and southern parts of Guangxi Autonomous Region can retard the invasion of typhoon, so the western parts of Tropical China is out of the damage of the strong wind.

关 键 词：青藏高原 热带气候 橡胶树 种植 寒害 风害 动力作用 热力作用 

分 类 号：P461.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]