基于归并“土体构型”图的省域耕地地力评价  

Cultivated Land Productivity Evaluation at Provincial Scale Based on a Map of Grouped Soil Profile Configuration Pattern

作　　者：赵彦锋[1] 张化楠[1] 程道全[2] 孙志英[3] 陈杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学水利与环境学院,河南郑州450001 [2]河南省土壤肥料站,河南郑州450002 [3]河南省国土资源调查规划院,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《土壤通报》2015年第5期1040-1048,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40801080;40971128);科技部科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B02-7)资助

摘　　要：小比例尺土壤图制图单元内土体构型往往不一致,以土壤图为评价单元,土体构型往往难以作为一个评价指标。本文以河南省为例,基于1∶5万比例尺土壤图,根据县域土种志记载的典型剖面信息,将全省428个土种按照质地构型和障碍土层归纳为32种土体构型,然后在GIS中概括生成1∶50万土体构型图,并分析了该图与1∶50万河南省土壤图在空间表达方面的差异以及土体构型指标对耕地地力评价结果的影响。结果表明:土体构型图图斑多样性低,面积变异系数大,但图斑平均密度大,图斑形状指数复杂,既实现对生产性能变异较低区域的图斑简化,又保持生产性能变异较大区域图斑表达的高精度;在统一的评价体系下,若土体构型参与耕地评价,1∶50万土壤图的评价结果与土体构型图的评价结果在省级尺度上趋势相似,但后者与市级、县级耕地地力评价相比产生的尺度效应较低,与小麦单位产量拟合度更高;若采取剔除土体构型指标的技术路线,评价精度较前两者均明显降低。Soil profile configuration pattern(SPCP) was hardly a land evaluation factor when land evaluation units were based on delineations of a small scale of soil map, in which often more than one soil local types were compounded,then SPCP types were compounded too. In this paper, based on 1:50000 soil maps, soil profile texture configurations,and obstacle soil layers of typical soil profile recorded in many county soil chorography, 428 soil types of Henan Province were classified into 32 SPCP types, and then a 1:500,000 SPCP map was generalized with the aid of GIS.Next, this map and the 1:500,000 soil map were compared in spatial express and the effects of SPCP on cultivated land evaluation were discussed. The results showed that generalized SPCP map was low in landscape diversity, but high in the coefficient of variation of patch areas, the average patch density and the shape index of patches. It kept high delineation precision in high variability areas of soil productivity while simplifying the delineations in low variability areas. With SPCP being considered as evaluation factors, the evaluation outcome based on 1:500,000 soil map was almost similar in spatial trend with that based on the SPCP map at provincial scale. However, the latter showed smaller differences with those outcomes of land evaluation respectively finished at county and municipal levels,and showed a higher correlation with wheat yield per unit area. The precision of cultivated land productivity evaluation decreased significantly without SPCP in evaluation factors.

关 键 词：省域耕地地力评价 土体构型 制图概括 

分 类 号：S159.9[农业科学—土壤学]