不同耕作方式下土壤水分动态变化及利用效率的研究  

Study on Dynamic Variation of Soil Moisture and Water Use Efficiency in Different Tillage Patterns

作　　者：李瑞平[1,2] 郑金玉[1,2] 罗洋 郑洪兵[1,2,3] 李伟堂[1] 王浩 刘武仁[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院,吉林长春130033 [2]农业部东北作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,吉林长春130033 [3]沈阳农业大学,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《土壤通报》2015年第5期1096-1102,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B10;2012BAD04B02和2013BAD07B02)资助

摘　　要：为明确不同耕作下土壤水分动态变化及其利用效率,2010~2013年采用田间试验方法,研究了宽窄行深松25 cm(T1)和宽窄行深松35 cm(T2)和均匀垄(T3)三种耕作方式下土壤水分周年变化、动态变化以及水分利用效率。结果表明:土壤含水量周年变化可分为3个阶段,即"大幅度变化期"、"平稳期"和"小幅度变化期"。大幅度变化期出现在4月末至8月末,小幅度变化期和平稳期受温度和降雪量的影响,不同年份长短不一。三年0~100 cm土层平均土壤含水量T2和T1较T3高,T2比T1土壤含水量更高。土壤含水量随土壤深度的增加呈"先升后降的趋势",0~40 cm土壤含水量为"增加趋势"、40~60 cm土壤含水量为"维持较高",60~100 cm土壤含水量为"下降趋势"。宽窄行深松有利于保墒保苗,深松后T2比T1储水效果更好。T2和T1土壤水分利用效率分别较T3提高17.4%和6.6%,T2土壤水分利用效果最好。The purpose of this study was to clarify the dynamic variation of soil moisture and water use efficiency in different tillage patterns. Field experiments were conducted to analyze annual variation of soil water content, dynamic variation of soil water content and water use efficiency from 2010 to 2013. Three tillage patterns were selected: 25 cm subsoiling with wide / narrow rows(T1), 35 cm subsoiling with wide / narrow rows(T2) and conventional tillage(T3).Results indicated that the annual fluctuation of soil moisture was classified into three phases: intensive fluctuation period(from later April to later August), steady period and small fluctuation period which were different annually and influenced by temperature and snowfall. The average water content in 0 ~ 100 cm soil layer was the highest in T2 treatment and the lowest in T3 treatment during the three years. Soil water content showed an increasing trend in 0 ~40 cm soil, maintained a high level in 40 ~ 60 cm soil, and decreased in 60 ~ 100 cm soil. Subsoiling with wide/narrow rows was beneficial to soil moisture storage and seedling. The effect of subsoiling on water storage was better in T2 than in T1 treatment. Compared to T3, the water use efficiency of T2 and T1 were increased by 17.4%and 6.6%, respectively, which showed the water use efficiency was the best in T2 treatment.

关 键 词：耕作方式 土壤水分 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]