堆肥施用和牧草种植对煤矿复垦地土壤肥力的影响  

Effect of Compost Application and Forage Sowing on Soil physical and Chemical Properties in Reclamation Land of Coal-Mine

作　　者：王琛[1] 孙庆业[1] 韦绪好 熊霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《土壤通报》2015年第5期1174-1180,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC10B02)资助

摘　　要：为改善采煤沉陷复垦区表层土壤养分贫瘠、控制水土流失,2013年5月在新庄孜煤矿沉陷区复垦地施用四种堆肥(堆肥1、堆肥2、堆肥3、堆肥4)后,进行紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)单播,墨西哥玉米(Purus frumentum)单播和两种牧草混播种植试验,并在当年牧草生长季结束后(2013年11月)对改良地表土进行理化性质分析,并用主成分分析的方法进行土壤质量评价。结果表明:施加堆肥各处理均能有效增加土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷含量,分别比对照增加了26%~45%、6%~14%、138%~359%,施加堆肥再单播紫花苜蓿使土壤含水量和硝态氮含量分别增加了24%~37%和210%~338%;堆肥改良后种植墨西哥玉米,复垦区表层土壤全磷含量增加了18%~20%;堆肥改良后混播紫花苜蓿和墨西哥玉米使复垦区表层土壤的含水量和铵态氮含量分别增加了36%~54%、50%~105%。在各处理中,施用堆肥4加紫花苜蓿和墨西哥玉米混播处理对复垦地表层土壤改良效果最好。In order to impro ve soil nutrient, control water and soil erosion of surface soil at Xinzhuangzi mining reclamation area, the experiments of Medicago sativa sowing, Purus frumentum sowing and two kinds of pasture mixed sowing were carried out after four kinds of composts(compost 1, compost 2, compost 3, compost 4) were used in the reclamation land in May 2013. And soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed at the end of plant growing season(in November 2013). Compost and pasture sowing obviously improved soil physical and chemical properties in the reclaimed land. Compared with no fertilizer, compost application effectively increased soil organic matter by 26% ~45%, total nitrogen by 6% ~ 14%, and available phosphorus by 138% ~ 359%. Compost combined with Medicago sativa sowing increased soil water content by 24% ~ 24% and nitrate nitrogen by 210% ~ 338%. Soil total phosphorus increased by 18% ~ 20% when compost combined with Purus frumentum sowing. Compost combined with the mixed sowing of Medicago sativa and Purus frumentum significantly increased soil water content by 36% ~ 36% and ammonium nitrogen by 50% ~ 105%. In addition, the application of compost 4 combined with the mixed sowing of Medicago sativa and Purus frumentum could get the best effect of soil improvement at Xinzhuangzi mining reclamation area.

关 键 词：采煤沉陷 土地复垦 土壤改良 有机堆肥 牧草 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]