水田土壤氮转化相关因子对多年施用缓/控释尿素的响应  

Effects of Continuous Application of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizer on the Factors of Nitrogen Transformations in Paddy Soils

作　　者：崔亚兰[1,2] 李东坡[1] 武志杰[1] 孙祥鑫[1,2] 费建民 李永华 焦晓云 何涛 崔永坤 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]锦西天然气化工有限责任公司,辽宁葫芦岛125001

出　　处：《土壤通报》2015年第5期1208-1215,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD11B04;2012BAD05B01;2012BAD14B02);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2009BAD3B07)资助

摘　　要：研究持续施用不同种缓/控释尿素肥料对棕壤水田基本化学性质、与氮转化相关酶以及微生物量等生物学活性的影响。采用7 a连续施用不同种缓/控释尿素肥料的水田定位试验,试验处理为单施尿素(U),添加脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)、氢醌(HQ),硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)、双氰胺(DCD)制成不同种缓释尿素肥料,以及硫包膜尿素肥料(SCU)和树脂包膜尿素肥料(PCU)。持续7 a施用缓/控释尿素肥料后,棕壤水田土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、有效磷呈下降趋势,速效钾、p H值呈上升趋势。SCU、PCU、HQ+DCD+U和NBPT+DMPP+U的铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量显著高于U,SCU、PCU和未施肥处理的硝态氮(NO3--N)含量显著高于U。未施肥处理和U的土壤脲酶活性低于其他的处理,PCU和SCU土壤硝化作用潜势大于其他处理。未施肥、HQ+U、HQ+DCD+U、NBPT+DMPP+U、PCU和SCU处理土壤硝酸还原酶活性高于U。持续施用缓/控释尿素肥料对土壤微生物量碳含量影响不大,未施肥处理土壤微生物量氮最高,持续施用缓/控释尿素肥料降低了棕壤水田土壤微生物活性。综合考虑土壤化学性质和土壤生物活性以及水田这个特殊环境,在棕壤水田中持续7 a施用SCU与PCU尿素肥料作用效果好于其他尿素肥料。Based on continuou s seven years application of slow/controlled release fertilizer in paddy field soil, this research was to study the effect of different types of slow/controlled release urea on soil chemical properties and biological activity in aquic brown paddy soil, The treatments included: conventional urea(U); slow releaseurea made from urease inhibitor N- thiophosphorictrimide(NBPT); hydroquinone(HQ); nitrification inhibitor 3,4- dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP); or dicyandiamide(DCD); sulfur coated urea(SCU); and water soluble resin coated urea(PCU).Results showed that soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus were significantly decreased, while available potassium and p H were significantly increased after continuous 7- years application of slow/controlled release fertilizer in paddy soil. The content of ammonium nitrogen(NH4+- N) in SCU, PCU, HQ + DCD+ U and NBPT + DMPP + U treatments wassignificantly higher than that in U treatment. The content of nitrate nitrogen(NO3-- N) in SCU, no fertilizer and PCU treatments wassignificantly higher than that in U treatment. The activity of soil urease was lower in U and no fertilizer treatments than in other slow/controlled release urea treatments.And the nitrification potential was higher in PCU and SCU treatment than other treatments after continuous 7- years application of slow/controlled release fertilizerin paddy soil. The no fertilizer, HQ + U, HQ + DCD + U, NBPT +DMPP + U, PCU and SCU treatments had significant higher nitrate reductase activity than U treatment. Continuous application of slow/controlled release fertilizer had no significant influence on microbial biomass carbon, but no fertilizer treatment had the highest microbial biomass nitrogen. Take into account of soil chemical properties and biological activity, and the special environment of experimental field, the fertilizer efficiency was better after continuous7- years application of SCU and PCU than after continuous 7- years application of other slow/controlled

关 键 词：缓/控释尿素肥料 水田 多年施肥 土壤酶活性 硝化作用潜势 微生物量 

分 类 号：S145.6[农业科学—肥料学]