不同施肥措施对小麦年际间产量构成的影响  

Interannual Changes in Wheat Yield and Yield' Component under Long-term Fertilization

作　　者：聂胜委[1] 张水清[1] 张巧萍[1,2] 宝德俊[1] 黄绍敏[1] 何宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南农业大学河南省粮食作物协同创新中心/农学院,河南郑州465150

出　　处：《土壤通报》2015年第6期1453-1458,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31301284);河南省重点科技攻关项目(132102110068);"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAD14B08);河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金(2013YQ15);河南省超级产粮大省奖励资金扶持粮油良种培育项目(20150104)资助

摘　　要：研究相同小麦品种不同施肥措施下小麦(Triticum aestivum)产量构成的年际间变化情况,为制定合理的高效的栽培与施肥技术,提高养分利用效率提供借鉴。研究了长期不施肥(CK)、氮磷钾配施(NPK)、氮磷钾配施有机肥(NPKM、NPK1.5M)或秸秆(NPKS)5种施肥措施对小麦产量构成年际间变化的影响。结果表明,与CK(不施肥)比,NPK配施以及与有机肥或秸秆还田配施能够首先维持群体穗数的稳定性,其次是穗粒数和千粒质量;同时有助于群体穗数、穗粒数和千粒质量的增加以及降低其总变异,获得较高的产量。CK、NPK1.5M产量构成的总变异顺序为:穗粒数>群体穗数>千粒质量;NPK处理为:穗粒数>群体穗数=千粒质量;NPKM、NPKS处理为:群体穗数>穗粒数>千粒质量。NPKS施肥措施下群体穗数的稳定性较差,而NPK1.5M施肥措施下穗粒数的稳定则较差,4种施肥措施下千粒质量的稳定性基本一致。群体穗数的总变异系数(CV,%)依次为:NPK(11.3)<NPKM(15.5)<NPK1.5M(15.9)<CK(19.2)<NPKS(19.7)。CK、NPK、NPKM、NPK1.5M、NPKS处理的穗粒数、千粒质量的总变异系数(CV,%)分别为24.6、14.3、14.8、20.1、13.2和14.2、11.3、8.1、11.2、8.4。In order to provide suitable technology of fertilization and improve nutrient use efficiency, interannual changes in wheat yield and yields' component under various long- term fertilization treatments were studied in Zhengzhou Fluvo- aquic Station in the central Huang- Huai- Hai Plain of China. Treatments included no fertilizer(CK),inorganic fertilizer(NPK), inorganic fertilizer combined with manure(NPKM, NPK1.5M) and inorganic fertilizer combined with maize straw(NPKS). The results showed that NPK, NPKM, NPK1.5M, and NPKS fertilizations were firstly good to contain stability of wheat's group, and then to kernel numbers per spike and weigh of 1000 granulate,compared with CK treatment. Also, they were helpful for increasing components of wheat's grain yield, and decreasing CV values and obtaining higher grain yields. The order of total coefficient values of yield components was kernel numbers per spike > wheat's group > weigh of 1000 granulate for the CK and NPK1.5M treatments, kernel numbers per spike > wheat's group > weigh of 1000 granulate for the NPK treatment, and wheat's group > kernel numbers per spike > weigh of 1000 granulate for the NPKM and NPKS treatments.. Additionally, the order of Coefficient values(CV %) of wheat's group were: NPK(11.3) < NPKM(15.5) < NPK1.5M(15.9) < CK(19.2) < NPKS(19.7). Moreover,Coefficient values of the kernel numbers per spike and the weigh of 1000 granulates under CK, NPK, NPKM, NPK1.5M, and NPKS treatments were 24.6, 14.3, 14.8, 20.1, 13.2 and 14.2, 11.3, 8.1, 11.2, 8.4, respectively. The balance of wheat's group under NPKS and kernel number per spike under NPK1.5M treatments were poor, while the balance of weight of 1000 granulates under 4 fertilizations is consistence.

关 键 词：施肥 小麦 产量构成 年际间变异 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S147