受冲突和移民影响的沿海资源和管理体系:莫桑比克梅库菲  

Coastal Resources and Management Systems Influences by Conflict and Migration:Mecufi,Mozambique

作　　者：Ian Bryceson Alfredo Massinga 林宝法 

机构地区：[1]挪威农业大学国际环境与发展研究中心 [2]莫桑比克政府水产部

出　　处：《AMBIO－人类环境杂志》2002年第7期512-517,621,共6页

摘　　要：本文研究了冲突后形势下莫桑比克北部梅库菲区传统的和新近提出的沿海资源利用和管理体系,在此之前曾有大批居民移居沿海地带。包含有大量资源的各种各样沿海群落生境受到了多方面影响。潮间带生物呈现出丰度和平均尺寸减小的迹象,而近海鱼类和红树林则并未有过度利用的迹象。可以说传统的海岸管理体系仍有影响力,但较新的倡议只是刚开始涉及与这些体系的有效对活和合作。在目前和平和政治安定的形势下,对梅库菲地区海岸管理和当地人民的利益的主要威胁被认为是在私有化有望实现的情况下,共同财产资源和土地占有制度的可能丧失,但是莫桑比克政府目前正通过法定的改革解决这些问题。Coastal resource utilization and management systems, both traditional and more recently conceived, were studied in Mecufi district, northern Mozambique in a post-conflict situation prior to which a significant migration of people to the coast had occurred. A wide variety of coastal biotopes containing a multitude of resources had been affected in various ways. Intertidal organisms exhibited signs of decreasing abundance and average size, whereas offshore fishes and mangrove forests did not show signs of overutilization. It was observed that traditional coastal management systems were still influential, but that newer initiatives were only beginning to enter into significant dialogue and cooperation with these. In the current circumstances of peace and political stability, the principal threat to coastal management and the interests of local people in Mecufi is considered to be potential loss of common property resources and land tenure in the face of prospects of privatization, but Mozambican authorities are presently addressing these issues with legal reforms.

关 键 词：海岸管理 沿海资源利用和管理体系 冲突 移民 莫桑比克 梅库菲 沿海生态系统 

分 类 号：P748[天文地球—海洋科学]