缬草挥发油成分分析及其含量影响因素探讨  

Analysis of volatile oil of Valeriana officinalis and influence factors of its oil content

作　　者：薛存宽[1] 蒋鹏[1] 沈凯[1] 李颖[1] 曾玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院老年医学研究所,湖北武汉430077

出　　处：《中草药》2003年第9期779-781,共3页Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs

基　　金：国家攻关项目(96 - 90 1 - 0 1 - 6 6 );湖北省攻关项目(94 1 - P2 1 0 5)

摘　　要：目的　研究缬草挥发油的成分、有效组份及油含量的影响因素。方法　采集川、陕、鄂、湘各地不同海拔、土质、生长期 ,野生与栽培、鲜与干药材 ,以挥发油测定器测定挥发油含量 ;GC-MS联用及纯品叠加 GC分析成分鉴定 ;溶剂提取分离纯萜烯与萜烯含氧衍生物 ;86 Rb摄入示踪法和体外试验考察缬草挥发油及其不同组份的增进心、肾营养血流和胃平滑肌解痉作用。结果　缬草药材含油量为 0 .2 %～ 2 .1%。挥发油中共检出 46种成分 ,其中单萜类有莰烯等 6种 ,占 3 8.75% ;倍半萜类有 β-石竹烯等 11种 ,占 5.2 7% ;单萜、倍半萜含氧衍生物龙脑醋酸酯、缬草烷酮等 2 7种 ,占 54.2 5%。含氧衍生物具有明显地增进心、肾组织微循环灌流及胃平滑肌解痉作用。结论　高海拔、肥沃砂质土壤生长的、秋后采集的鲜缬草含油量最高 ;油中主要的活性组份为单萜。Object To study the chemical constituents, main a ct ive components of volatile oil of Valeriana officinalis L and i ts influence factors of the oil content Methods The content of volatile oil of wild or cultivated, moist or dry V offcinalis collected from different altitudes, soils, and growth periods in Sichuan, S haanxi, Hubei and Hunan Provinces was determined by volatile oil detector The c omponents were identified by GC-MS and GC combined with pure sample Terpenes a nd their oxo-derivatives were extracted and isolated by solvents The effects of volatile oil and its different components of V officinalis on improving the nutritions of heart and kindney blood flow and promoting sp a s molysis of stomach smooth muscle were observed by 86 Rb isotopic trace r determination and external experiments Results The oil co ntent of V officinalis was 0 2%-2 1% From the volatile oi l 46 chemical components, which included six types of compound like camphene of mono te rpenes (38 7%), 11 types of compound like β-caryophyhene of sesquiterpenes (5 27%), and 27 types of oxo-derivatives of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes compou nd like bornyl acetate and valeranone (54 25%) etc were iden ti fied The oxo-derivatives have significant effects on improving perfusion of c a rdiac and renal tissue microcirculation and promoting spasmolysis of stomach smo oth muscle Conclusion The oil content of fresh V officinalis growing in high altitudes and fertile sandy soil and collect ed after autumn is the highest of all The main active components of the volati le oil are oxo-derivatives of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes

关 键 词：缬草 挥发油 成分分析 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]