中国地区云的气候特征分析  

CLIMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE CLOUD OVER CHINA

作　　者：刘洪利[1] 朱文琴[1] 宜树华[1] 李维亮[1] 陈隆勋[1] 白立杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《气象学报》2003年第4期466-473,T005-T006,共10页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(49899270);863项目(2002AA135360)

摘　　要：文中对比分析了国际卫星云气候计划(ISCC)的D2资料和地面测站云资料,发现二者总云量的整体分布和气候变化都比较一致,但定量上略有差别,尤其是中国北方地区差别较大。ISCCP资料比较齐全,尤其在站点稀少的高原、荒漠地区比其他云资料更有优势。文中分析了中国云的气候特征,发现在华北地区和南海北部的总云量有减少的趋势;四川盆地、长江三角洲等地区存在低云量异常减少的现象;而在天山、帕米尔高原、柴达木盆地、横断山脉等地区存在低云量增加的趋势。文中特别指出西北山区常年维持着的相对稳定的多云带,云层深厚、含水量大,有利于进行进行人工增雨作业。Comparison of the D2 data of ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) with the cloud data of routine surface observation indicates that both the distributive patterns and climatic change trend of cloud agree well with each other. However there are some quantitative differences, especially in the north part of China, the total cloud amount of routine is less than the amount of ISCCP. On the other hand, ISCCP is comparatively complete, and then has more advantages, especially in plateau and desert where stations are sparsely distributed.We analyze the climatic characteristics of cloud over China, and point out that the distribution of total cloud amount has four centers of high value: East-China Sea area, Sichuan Basin, southeastern area of Tibetan Plateau, and Pamir Plateau. The cloud amount over mountains is more than that over plain in the northern area. The total cloud covers over all areas of North-China Plain to Qilian Mountain are decreased at a rate about 5 % / 10 a. The decrease over Shandong Peninsula is more severe, about 10% /10 a. This feature accords to the aggravating dry damage. But the total cloud amounts over the middle of Kunlun and Hengduan Mountains are increased at a rate about 8% /10 a.The distribution of low-cloud amount is similar to that of the total. The low-cloud amounts over Changbai and Tianshan Mountains are more than those over the plain and basin of same latitudes. The low-cloud amount over these four places manifests its decreasing trend : East coastal area of Yangtze Delta region, Sichuan Basin, northern of Guangdong, and the turning place of Yarlung Zangbo River The decrease of Sichuan Basin is about 10% /10 a. Over Chengdu where is on the center of Sichuan Basin, the period of most manifest decrease is 1975 to 1985. In this period, the decrease of low-cloud amount is about 40% . On the other hand, the low-cloud covers over Tianshan, Pamir-Plateau, Qaidam-Basin and Hengduan Mountains are increasing.We also point out that there are cloud belts, which are relativel

关 键 词：中国地区 云 气候特征 国际卫星云气候计划 ISCCP 

分 类 号：P468.027[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P468.2