科尔沁沙地70种植物繁殖体形状比较研究  

A comparative study on diaspore shape of 70 species found in the sandy land of Horqin

作　　者：刘志民[1] 李雪华[1] 李荣平[1] 骆永明[1] 王红梅[1] 蒋德明[1] 南寅镐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《草业学报》2003年第5期55-61,共7页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所知识创新工程面上创新课题"东北西部生态脆弱区生态环境评估和恢复对策研究";中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所知识创新工程重大项目"科尔沁沙地退化生态系统恢复技术与示范"资助。

摘　　要：研究了科尔沁沙地70种植物的繁殖体(31种为种子,39种为果实)形状。用繁殖体三维(长、宽、高)的方差衡量繁殖体形状。方差越小,繁殖体越接近圆球形;方差越大,繁殖体越细长或扁平。研究结果表明,1)所量测的70种植物的繁殖体(种子或果实)形状差异很大,最小的方差不足0.03,最大的超过0.18。2)大部分一年生杂草的种子繁殖体近似于圆球形。3)黄蒿、马齿苋、碱地肤、狼尾花、灰绿藜、刺沙蓬、菟丝子、大籽蒿、狗尾草的繁殖体比较接近圆球形(方差小于0.09),它们可能具有持久种子库。4)萝摩科植物萝摩、杠柳、细叶白前繁殖体具绢毛;菊科植物女菀、飞廉、黄金菊、山莴苣、苣荬菜和夹竹桃科植物罗布麻有冠毛;石竹科植物石竹和鸢尾科植物野鸢尾有翅;香蒲科植物小香蒲有宿存花柱;可能这些植物都可被风传播。糙隐子草、披碱草、水稗草、牛鞭草、冠芒草具芒,它们可能具有固结自身的作用;苍耳、雾冰藜、鹤虱带钩或刺,易于被动物传播。5)草甸植物野豌豆、海滨天冬、小黄花菜作为传播体的种子较圆;草甸植物女菀、山莴苣、黄金菊、披碱草、野古草、牛鞭草、狼尾草作为传播体的果实扁平或细长;流沙上的先锋植物或沙生系列演替前期植物沙蓬、刺沙篷、乌丹蒿、差巴嘎蒿、狗尾草、雾冰藜、东北木蓼。Diaspore shapes (31 seeds, 39 fruits) of 70 species found in the sandy land of Horqin were measured. Variance considering three dimensions (length, width and depth) was used to describe diaspore shape. Spherical diaspores had smaller variances and elongated or flatter diaspores had larger ones. There were large shape differences between diaspores of the species concerned, with the smallest variance less than 0.03 and the biggest variance higher than 0.18. If the diaspores of annual ruderals were seeds, they were spherical or close to spherical in most cases. Diaspores of Artemisia scoparia, Portulaca oleracea, Kochia scoparia var. sieversiana, Lysimachia barystachys, Chenopodium glaucum, Salsola ruthenica, Cuscuta chinensis, Artemisia sieversiana and Setaria viridis were close to spherical (variance less than 0.09). These species may have persistent soil seed banks. Diaspores of Metaplexis japonica, Periploca sepium and Cynanchum sibiricum, of the Asclepiadaceae family, had hairs. Diaspores of Aster fastigiatus, Carduus nutans, Hypochaeris grandiflora, Lactuca indica and Sonchus brachyotus, members of the Compositae family, and Apocynum venetum of the Apocynaceae family, had pappus. Diaspores of Dianthus chinensis of the Caryophyllaceae family, and Iris dichotoma of the Iridaceae family, had wings. These species may be dispersed by wind. Diaspores of Cleistogenes squarrosa, Clinelymus dahuricus, Echinochloa crusgalli var. hispidula, Hemarthria compressa and Pappophorum boreale had awns and they may have the ability to anchor themselves to the soil surface. Diaspore of Xanthium sibiricum, Lappula myosotis and Bassia dasyphylla had hooks or prickles, thus might be easily dispersed by animals. Of meadow species, when diaspores were seeds, they were relatively spherical, and when diaspores were fruits, they were elongated or flat. Species occurring on shifting sand dunes or newly stabilized dunes, including�

关 键 词：繁殖体 方差 生活型 附属物 传播 沙生植物 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学]