云南热带亚热带退耕山地中蚂蚁对舞草种子的影响研究  

THE STUDY OF EFFECT OF ANTS ON CODARIOCALYX MOTORIUS SEEDS IN THE TROPIC AND SUB-TROPIC MOUNTAINOUS LANDS, YUNNAN PROVINCE OF CHINA

作　　者：张智英[1] 李玉辉[2] 赵志模[3] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所,昆明650091 [2]云南师范大学地理系,昆明650092 [3]西南农业大学植物保护系,重庆400716

出　　处：《林业科学》2003年第5期74-77,共4页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：中国科学院重大项目KZ95 1-A1-10 4;云南省自然科学基金 99D0 0 0 4R资助

摘　　要：舞草为云南热带、亚热带山区刀耕火种轮歇地的一种常见多年生先锋植物。野外调查表明蚂蚁与舞草具有互惠共生关系。在舞草群落地 ,蚂蚁会将舞草种子搬运到蚁巢。本文研究了刀耕火种过程中蚂蚁对舞草种子的影响 ,结果表明 :地表面的舞草种子火烧 5min后 ,已完全丧失了生活力 ,而埋在地下 5、1 0cm的种子 ,经 5、30、6 0、90、1 2 0min火烧处理后与对照相比 ,都显著提高了种子的萌发率。离地表 5cm处的种子其萌发率明显高于 1 0cm处的种子 ,萌发时间则短于 1 0cm处的种子。蚂蚁搬运舞草种子能使其免遭于火烧毁伤 ,使舞草种群得以恢复与扩散 ,从而有助于森林植被的演替。Codariocalyx motorius growed as a common perennial pioneer plant in slash and burn shifting field in tropical and subtropical mountains of Yunnan Province, China. The field investigations showed a mutualism between ants and C. motorius. It was observed that ants moved seeds of C. motorius into their nests. The effect of ants on C. motorius seeds′ vitality during slash and burn process was studied in field. The results showed that all of the seeds on surface lost their germinating ability after burning. However, germinating rates of the seeds, which were buried in depth of soils from 5cm to 10cm and experienced a burning period of 5, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min respectively, increased significantly compared to those of the control seeds. And moreover germinating rate of the seeds in 5cm below surface was higher than that of seeds in 10cm deep under the surface, and germinating period of the former was lower than the one of the latter. So, due to ants′ moving, the seeds of C.motorius during a slash and burn cultivation could survive from burning. Subsequently, C. motorius community recovered and dispersed. It could be considered mutualism between ants and C. motorius.

关 键 词：云南 热带 亚热带 退耕山地 蚂蚁 舞草种子 影响因素 火烧处理 种子萌发率 

分 类 号：Q948.122.2[生物学—植物学]