农村蔬菜废物的分散化微生物处理  

Distributed microbial treatment of agricultural vegetable refuse

作　　者：黄鼎曦[1] 陆文静[1] 王洪涛[1] 邱向阳[1] 黄得扬[1] 陈金春[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084 [2]清华大学生物科学与技术系,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2003年第10期1347-1350,共4页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家重大科技专题项目(K99-05-35-02);国家教育振兴计划资助项目(JC2001010)

摘　　要：为解决蔬菜废物快速降解问题,通过实验室小型模拟堆沤装置,从堆沤材料中富集并筛选出一批高效纤维素分解菌,共25种表现型。用接种纤维素来分解复合菌的方法处理自然堆沤蔬菜废物的定性和定量实验研究表明:接种处理能够快速启动蔬菜废物的液化;以正交实验方法对不同的菌株组合进行配比,得到了效果明显、且菌株种类简单的理想组合;用该组合处理自然堆沤的蔬菜两周后,其固体残留率为7.10%,比对照少16.71%。黑麦草发芽实验结果显示,该沤肥产物不表现明显的植物毒性。25 phenotypes of cellulose decomposing bacteria were isolated from a natural decomposing microcosm and screened using selective media with cellulose as the sole carbon source to develop a fast decomposition method for vegetable waste. Five very efficient combinations of bacteria were obtained through orthogonal tests, and the effectiveness of these combinations on vegetable waste decomposition was studied qualitatively and quantitatively. The experimental results show that treatment with the cellulose decomposing bacteria significantly enhances the speed of liquefaction of the vegetable waste compared with that of the control trial. Only 7.10% of the vegetable remains undecomposed in the test with the most effective bacteria combination, whereas the remainder in the control trial is 23.81% two weeks after the treatment. Phytotoxicity analysis shows that the liquid fertilizer product has no harmful effect on plant growth. 

关 键 词：农村废物处理 蔬菜废物 分散化微生物处理 自然堆沤 微生物降解 纤维素 

分 类 号：X712.05[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172