白暨豚保护研究的进展  

Progress in the Conservation Research of Baiji

作　　者：杜波[1] 李海燕[1] 张先锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2003年第5期395-400,共6页动物学研究（英文）

摘　　要：白豚是一种仅存于中国的淡水豚 ,迄今已有约 2 5 0 0万年的历史。 2 0年来 ,白豚的种群数量急剧减少。其数量从 2 0世纪 80年代初的约 4 0 0头 ,锐减到 90年代末不足 10 0头。白豚的生存环境也急剧恶化 ,目前仅在长江中下游的干流中有分布。导致白豚濒危的主要原因源于日益增多的人类活动 ,包括水利工程、渔业活动、水体污染等。白豚的保护主要从 3个方面进行 :①建立白豚自然保护区 ,保护其自然种群和栖息地环境 ;②建立半自然保护区 ,实行迁地保护 ;③建立细胞库、基因库等 ,保护其种质资源。迁地保护为目前最为紧迫的保护措施。Baiji (Lipotes vexillifer),a fresh-water cetacean species inhabited only in China,has been living on the earth for about 25 million years.Its population size has been sharply decreasing during the past twenty years.The population size was estimated about 400 in early 1980s and down to less than 100 in late 1990s.Its habitat has also degraded drastically;it only distributes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China currently.Factors that threat survives of the baiji mainly come from increasingly human activities,including construction of water development projects,over-fishing and water pollution.Conservation strategies and action plans have been highlighted as follows:establishing natural reserve to protect its natural populations and habitats,setting up semi-natural reserve to conduct off-site conservation,and constructing cell or gene library to save its idioplasmic resources.Off-site conservation has been believed the most urgent action.

关 键 词：白暨豚 保护 濒危原因 种群数量 

分 类 号：S863[农业科学—野生动物驯养]