平和琯溪蜜柚果园养分状况与平衡施肥研究  

Balanced fertilization and nutrients condition of Guanxi pomelo garden in Pinghe County

作　　者：章明清[1] 林琼[1] 杨杰[1] 彭嘉桂[1] 颜明娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2003年第3期163-167,共5页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国-加拿大平衡施肥合作项目的部分研究内容;由加拿大钾磷研究所提供

摘　　要：100个土样(0～30 cm土层)分析测试结果表明,平和琯溪蜜柚果园土壤酸性较强,有机质含量偏低;速效氮磷钾含量较丰富.水解性氮大于120 mg·kg-1、速效磷大于30 mg·kg-1和速效钾高于100 mg·kg-1的土样分别占42％、77％和57％;钙镁及微量元素含量以中等到丰富水平的样品居多。除锌外,100个叶片样品养分含量大多数在适宜级水平以上,镁铁硼养分含量达过量水平的样品分别占66％、46％和75％。田间定位试验表明,平衡施肥比常规施肥平均增产15.4％,裂果率平均下降53％。适宜的氮钾钙比例和用量能显著降低裂果率,在单侏产量30～40 kg的生产水平下,每株适宜施氮量为0.9 kg,施肥比例为N:P2O5:K2O:CaO:MgO=1:0.5:1:1.1:0.4。因此,施肥上应坚持平衡施肥原则。The test results of 100 soil samples taken within 0-30 cm soil layer indicated that the soil in Guanxi pomelo garden has higher acidity and lower organic matter, but its contents of the available N, P, K are abundant. The soil samples which contents of available N, P, K, exceed 120 mg · kg-1, 30 mg · kg-1 and 100 mg · kg-1 accounted for 42% > 77% and 57% respectively. Most soil samples possess medium and rich contents levels of the calcium and magnesium and micronutrients. Except zinc, most nutrient contents of 100-leaf samples were or higher than optimum level, samples which contents of Mg, Fe and B were overmuch level accounted for 66%, 46% and 75% of the total. The fixed-site trials in field showed that yield of pomelo of the balanced fertilization increased by 15.4% than that of traditional fertilization. Meanwhile the percent of splitted pomelo decreaded by 53% of balanced fertilization. The trials results indicated that reasonable proportion and application of N, K and Ca might obviously decreased the splitted pomelo percent. Under the production level of 30-40 kg per tree, the optimum N application was 0. 9 kg per tree, and nutrients proportion was N: P2O5: K2O : CaO : MgO = 1: 0. 5 : 1 : 1.1: 0. 4. Therefore, the principle of balanced fertilization should be carried out.

关 键 词：琯溪蜜柚 果园 养分 平衡施肥 土壤 叶片 肥力 产量 品质 平和县 

分 类 号：S666.306.2[农业科学—果树学]