北京市城乡限定人群低视力与盲的患病率及其病因的调查  

Prevalence of low vision and blindness in defined populations in rural and urban areas in Beijing

作　　者：陈建华[1] 徐亮[1] 胡爱莲[1] 孙葆忱[1] 李建军[1] 马科[1] 夏翠然[1] 崔彤彤[1] 郑远远[1] 李毅斌[1] 张蓉秀[1] 杨桦[1] 孙秀英[1] 邹洋[1] 王研[1] 马斌荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科中心北京市眼科研究所,100730 [2]首都医科大学生物医学工程系

出　　处：《中华医学杂志》2003年第16期1413-1418,共6页National Medical Journal of China

摘　　要：目的　研究北京市城乡≥ 4 0岁特定人群低视力、盲的患病率和病因。方法　对北京大兴区榆垡镇与城区北部 5个干休所社区 ,用限定人群逐户上门登记的方法进行最佳矫正视力的检查。符合条件的人群进行系统的眼科检查。系统的眼科检查包括视功能检查和眼形态学检查。低视力和盲以WHO的标准进行统计。结果　 5 32 4人入选 ,实查 4 4 5 1人 ,农村应答率 :79 37% ,城市应答率 :87 15 %。低视力和盲的患病率分别为 0 99% (95 %CI:0 70～ 1 2 8)和 0 39% (95 %CI:0 2 1～ 0 5 7)。低视力的患病率女性 (1 4 5 % )是男性 (0 6 5 % )的 2 2 3倍 (OR :1 97,95 %CI:1 0 0～ 3 95 ) ,农村(1 76 % )是城市 (0 6 1% )的 2 89倍 (OR :2 93,95 %CI:1 4 3～ 6 11)。盲的患病率女性为 0 6 4 % ,男性为 0 37% (OR :1 5 5 ,95 %CI:0 6 3～ 3 96 ) ,农村 (1 0 6 % )是城市 (0 5 2 % )的 2 0 4倍 (OR :3 77,95 %CI:1 4 1～ 10 6 2 )。导致盲的主要原因是白内障 (37 5 0 % )、青光眼 (2 9 17% )、高度近视眼底病变(8 33% )、角膜病 (8 33% )和其他眼底病变 (16 6 7% )。各种病因的患病率农村明显高于城市。特别是白内障的患病率 ,农村 (8/ 9,88 89% )明显高于城市 (1/ 9,11 11% ) ,2 4例盲中 ,农村女性占6 6Objective To investigate the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in Beijing residents aged 40 and over. Methods 4 451 residents aged 40 and over in 3 rural communities and 5 urban communities in Beijing underwent eye examination, including examination of distant and near visual acuity (VA), best corrected distant and near VA, pinhole VA, and visual field, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and dilated ocular examination in the form of in-home survey by defined population-based sampling. The medical history was surveyed too. The data were analyzed based on the criteria of the World Health Organization. Results The general prevalence rates of low vision and blindness were 0.99% (95% CI : 0.70 -1.28) and 0.39% (95% CI : 0.21-0.57) respectively. The prevalence rate of low vision in females was 1.45%, 2.23 times that of males (0.65%) ( OR : 1.97, 95% CI : 1.00-3.95). The prevalence rate of low vision of rural residents was 1.76%, 2.89 times that of urban residents (0.61%) ( OR : 2.93, 95% CI : 1.43-6.11). The prevalence rate of blindness in females was 0,64% and 0.37% in males. The prevalence rate of blindness of rural residents was 1.06%, 2.04 times that of the urban residents (0.52%) ( OR : 3.77, 95% CI : 1.41-10.62). The 3 major causes of blindness were cataract (37.50%), glaucoma (29.20%), and high myopic macular degeneration (8.30%). The prevalence of blindness increased with age. Conclusion The prevalence rates of low vision and blindness are higher in the rural areas. Cataract, glaucoma, and high myopic macular degeneration are the major causes of blindness. The prevalence of low vision and blindness are influenced by age, sex; area, health care level, educational level, and environmental factors.

关 键 词：北京市 低视力 盲 患病率 病因 调查 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]