施钾对花生养分吸收、产量与效益的影响  

Effects of potash fertilizer on nutrient absorption by peanut and its yield and benefit

作　　者：周可金[1] 马成泽[1] 许承保[1] 李定波 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学系,合肥230036 [2]安徽省肥东县花生原种场,肥东231000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2003年第11期1917-1920,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：北美钾磷肥研究所/加拿大钾磷肥研究所资助项目 (Anhui 11)

摘　　要：对江淮丘陵地区花生钾素的养分吸收特点以及施钾对花生产量和经济效益的影响进行了研究 .结果表明 ,在一定氮、磷肥供给水平上 ,增施钾肥 ,能调节植株体内养分的运输与分配 ,促进植株对N、P、K养分的吸收 ,显著提高花生生殖器官的干物质积累 ,从而有利于提高花生的产量、品质和抗性 .每生产 10 0kg荚果 ,对N、P、K养分吸收量分别为 3.0 8～ 5 .35、0 .6～ 1.2、3.4 5～ 6 .6 6kg ,其中对K的吸收量最大 ,主要集中在营养器官中 ;N、P的吸收主要集中在荚果等生殖器官中 .随着施K量的增加 ,各器官中N、P、K含量均随之增加 ,但K的增加最多 ,P增加最少 .当施K量为 15 0～ 180kg·hm-2 ,且N、P、K的施肥配比为 2∶1∶2时 ,花生荚果的产量最高 (5 4 2 5 .5kg·hm-2 ) ,经济效益最大 (13878.7元·hm-2 ) ,产投比达到 6 .75∶1,增产增收效果显著 ;而施K量超过 2 2 5kg·hm-2 时 ,花生产量和效益明显下降 .因此 ,在花生生产上可以推荐N150 P75K150 作为该地区高产栽培的平衡施肥配方 .Studies in Jianghuai hilly region showed that at definite N and P levels, applying potash fertilizer could regulate the transportation and distribution of nutrients in peanut plants, accelerate their absorption of N, P and K, increase the dry matter accumulation in their reproductive organs, and increase their yield, quality, and disease resistance. For each 100 kg pod products, the absorption of N, P and K was 3.08～5.35 kg, 0.6～1.2 kg and 3.45～6.66 kg, respectively. The K absorption was the biggest, and it was accumulated mainly in nutritive organs. The absorbed N and P were mainly accumulated in pods and other reproductive organs. The contents of N, P and K in all organs were increased with increasing potassium levels, and the amount of increased K was the biggest. The yield and economic benefit were the highest when the amount of applied potassium reached to 150～180 kg·hm -2 and N∶P∶K=2∶1∶2. The highest pod yield was 5425.5 kg·hm -2 , the highest benefit was 13878.7 yuan·hm -2 , and the ratio of output/input reached 6.75∶1. The yield and economic benefit of peanut were decreased obviously when the amount of applied potassium was over 225 kg·hm -2 . Thus, the prescription of N 150 , P 75 and K 150 was recommended for the balance fertilization of peanut production in this region.

关 键 词：花生 平衡施肥 养分吸收 钾肥效应 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]