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机构地区:[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所广东省矿物物理矿物材料重点实验室 [2]广东省科学院广州地理研究所,广东广州510070
出 处:《地球科学进展》2002年第4期557-564,共8页Advances in Earth Science
基 金:广东省科学院 2 0 0 0年度优秀青年科技人才基金项目"热带亚热带环境质量评价的矿物标识体系研究"资助
摘 要:矿物学在环境科学中的应用将是 2 1世纪矿物学研究的一个主要方面。土壤污染作为一个制约人类社会可持续发展的基本问题正受到日益广泛的关注 ,污染土壤的修复已成为环境科学研究的一个重点。污染土壤的修复技术主要有物理、化学、生物等方法 ,但是 ,它们都不同程度地存在着缺陷。众所周知 ,铁和锰是自然界中少数但常见的变价元素。含有变价元素和带有表面电荷的铁锰氧化物具有良好的表面活性 ,不仅对有毒有害的无机污染物具有良好的净化功能 ,而且对土壤中有机污染物具有氧化降解作用。利用这些矿物来修复污染土壤 ,具有成本低、无二次污染等优点 ,体现出天然净化作用的特色 ,展现出广阔的环境矿物学应用前景。The application of mineralogy in environmental sciences will be a major aspect of mineralogical studies in the 21st century. Soil contamination, as one of fundamental problems restricting the sustainable development of our society, is paid more and more attention. Remediation of contaminated soil has been one of the focuses of the research on environmental sciences. Various methods of remediation of contaminated soil, such as physics remediation, chemical remediation, bioremediation, have some problems to some degree existing in the research and the future task. It may be well known that iron and manganese are few but familiarly variable valence elements. Natural oxides of iron and manganese with surface charges and variable valence elements have favorable surface activities. They can not only decontaminate toxic inorganic pollutant, but also decompose and oxidize organic compound. Natural minerals, on behalf of magnetite, hematite, goethite, manganese dioxide and so on, are being one of significant research objects with relation to the methods using natural minerals to decontaminate pollutants at home and abroad. For example, the adsorption and desorption on the surfaces of iron and manganese oxides and their hydroxides happen to the elements such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Co, F, As, P and rare earth elements in red soil and other soils, mantle of waste and sediments on the earth's surface. It is of the opinion that the activities are one of important mechanism of the elements' activation, transposition and pollution in epigenetic circumstances. Iron and manganese oxides and hydroxides are ubiquitous in soils. They can interact with hydrogenant phenol compounds. It follows that their oxidative degradation abates poison to fauna and flora. And iron oxides are accelerators to the transformation and degradation of organic materials. Manganese ore has forceful adsorption ability to phenyl hydroxide, which adsorption process goes by second order equation of reaction kinetics, and its isothermal line of adsorption is the typ
关 键 词:重金属污染 铁锰氧化物 污染土壤修复 环境矿物学
分 类 号:X5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]
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